| 基于静态模拟模型的青藏高原东缘高寒草甸区草畜平衡研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘海波,李林渊,蒲小剑,杜文华.基于静态模拟模型的青藏高原东缘高寒草甸区草畜平衡研究[J].草原与草坪,2017,37(4). |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘海波 李林渊 蒲小剑 杜文华 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 甘肃农业大学草业学院/草业生态系统教育部重点实验室/甘肃省草业工程实验室/中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州,730070;2. 重庆西藏中学,重庆,400036 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金，现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 以澳大利亚反刍动物营养标准为参考,Stage one模型为框架,家庭牧场为研究尺度,从家畜营养角度出发,将代谢能(Metabolisable energy,ME)和氮维持需要量作为放牧家畜的营养单位,建立营养模型,模拟该地区典型家庭牧场欧拉型藏羊能、氮需求的月际变化及冬季暖棚利用对于藏羊体况维持的作用,研究青藏高原东缘高寒草甸区典型藏羊生产体系下的草畜平衡问题。结果表明:高寒草甸草地牧草消化率高,能量浓度高,高放牧强度(3.5头/hm~2)下,藏羊仍能获得足够的代谢能用于增重,而冷季由于草地消化率低,能量浓度差,在低放牧强度(3.5头/hm~2)即使放牧率低于暖季藏羊摄取能量仍不足以满足维持代谢,表现为减重(成年母羊平均5kg/头)。冷季低温造成典型牧户藏羊畜群维持代谢能每羊单位提高22%,且怀孕后期(1到2月)母羊能量需求高,草畜能量不平衡严重,因此,冷季补饲应以精饲料为主。暖棚可降低家畜御寒代谢能消耗,并降低冷季维持代谢能水平,有助于减少家畜掉膘,典型牧户藏羊畜群维持代谢能1到4月可分别降低1.08、1.23、1.28、1.26 MJ/(头/d)。冷季精饲料补饲+暖棚是较为可行的管理方式。
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| 关 键 词： | 高寒草甸 欧拉羊 代谢能 维持氮平衡 |
Study on the grassland-livestock balance based on static model in the alpine meadow on the eastern edge of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau |
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| LIU Hai-bo,LI Lin-yuan,PU Xiao-jian,DU Wen-hua.Study on the grassland-livestock balance based on static model in the alpine meadow on the eastern edge of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau[J].Grassland and Turf,2017,37(4). |
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| Authors: | LIU Hai-bo LI Lin-yuan PU Xiao-jian DU Wen-hua |
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| Abstract: | In order to study the grassland-livestock balance in alpine meadow area on the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,a nutrition model was constructed using Australian ruminant feeding standard as reference,stage one model as frame,typical family farm as study scale,and metabolisable energy (ME) and nitrogen requirement as nutrition unit.The nutrition model was used to stimulate the monthly variation of ME and nitrogen requirement of the Oula Tibetan sheep in this area and to study effects of winter warm sheds on weights of the sheep.The results showed that the Tibetan sheep could obtain enough energy for increase of weight under high stocking rate (＞3.5 SE/ha) during warm seasons in the alpine meadow with high forage digestibility and ME content.The Tibetan sheep could not obtain enough energy for keeping of weight under low stocking rate (＜3.5 SE/ha) during cold seasons in the alpine meadow with low forage digestibility and ME content.The energy requirement of the Oula Tibetan sheep increased greatly and grassland-livestock was not kept in good balance due to the low air temperature during the cold seasons in the alpine meadow.Concentrate feeds should be considered as the priority supplements during cold season.Warm shed could help to reduce the ME expenditure and the ME metabolic status during cold seasons.The ME of the Oula sheep reduced 1.08,1.23,1.28 and 1.26 MJ/SE/d from January to April,respectively,after the Oula sheep being kept in warm shed.Concentrate supplement+warm shed would be a practical management during the cold seasons in this area. |
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| Keywords: | alpine meadow Oula Tibetan sheep metabolisable energy grassland-livestock balance |
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