| 岩溶生态系统水土流失敏感性关键指标和评估模型比较 |
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| 引用本文： | 莫建飞,陈燕丽,莫伟华.岩溶生态系统水土流失敏感性关键指标和评估模型比较[J].水土保持研究,2021(2):256-266. |
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| 作者姓名： | 莫建飞 陈燕丽 莫伟华 |
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| 作者单位： | 广西壮族自治区气象科学研究所/国家卫星气象中心遥感应用试验基地;广西壮族自治区生态气象和卫星遥感中心 |
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| 基金项目： | 广西科技厅重点研发项目(桂科AB17292051);广西气象局重点项目(桂气科2019Z04)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了能更合理地评价岩溶地区水土流失敏感性,以岩溶生态系统为研究对象,以修正通用土壤流失模型(RUSLE)为蓝本,通过引入石漠化因子,对RUSLE进行修正;通过计算土壤侵蚀量、划分土壤侵蚀强度、水土流失关键因子影响评估,构建广西岩溶生态系统水土流失敏感性评估指标体系;在此基础上,对比分析了空间叠加分析法、层次分析法、空间主成分分析法3种水土流失敏感性评价方法,利用遥感数据对多种评估结果进行验证与对比,选取最优评价方法对广西岩溶生态系统水土流失敏感性进行了评估。结果表明:引入石漠化因子后的修正通用土壤流失模型(RUSLE)可以较合理地评价广西岩溶生态系统土壤流失空间分布状况;广西岩溶生态系统水土流失敏感性因子作用大小顺序为:气象>石漠化>植被>土壤>地形>人类活动,土壤流失影响率与大多数敏感性因子和土壤侵蚀强度均呈一致变化趋势;3种水土流失敏感性评价方法对比以主成分分析法(PCAEI)评估结果最优,层次分析法和加权综合评价法(AHPEI)次之,因子叠加分析法(CMSEI)较差。广西岩溶生态系统水土流失敏感性以轻度、中度、高度敏感区为主,水土流失敏感性整体中度偏重,水土流失敏感性强度由东部向西部、由南部向北部逐渐增强,敏感区主要分布在河池市、百色市,不敏感区主要分布在桂林市、崇左市。
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| 关 键 词： | 岩溶生态系统 水土流失敏感性评价 关键指标 空间主成分分析 “3S”技术 |
Comparison of Key Indicators and Evaluation Models of Soil and Water Loss Sensitivity in Karst Ecosystem |
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| MO Jianfei,CHEN Yanli,MO Weihua.Comparison of Key Indicators and Evaluation Models of Soil and Water Loss Sensitivity in Karst Ecosystem[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2021(2):256-266. |
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| Authors: | MO Jianfei CHEN Yanli MO Weihua |
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| Institution: | (Guangxi Institute of Meteorological Sciences/Remote Sensing Application and Validation Base of National Satellite Meteorological Center,Nanning 530022,China;Guangxi Ecological Meteorology and Satellite Remote Sensing Center,Nanning 530022,China) |
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| Abstract: | In order to evaluate the sensitivity of soil and water loss in karst more reasonably,the soil loss model of karst ecosystem was established based on the modified RUSLE model,into which karst rocky desertification correction factor was introduced.Based on the ratio of soil erosion amount to soil erosion area under different levels of intensity,the assessment model of impact of key factors of soil and water loss in karst ecosystem was established,and the key indicators of soil and water loss sensitivity in karst ecosystem in Guangxi were analyzed.With the support of 3S technology,an assessment indicator system of soil and water loss sensitivity in karst ecosystem in Guangxi was established.Spatial superposition analysis method,analytic hierarchy process and spatial principal component analysis method were used to establish the assessment models of soil and water loss sensitivity in karst ecosystem in Guangxi.The remote sensing monitoring data of soil and water loss were used to verify and compare the evaluation models,and the optimal model was chosen to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of soil and water loss sensitivity in karst ecosystem in Guangxi.The results show that the key indicators of soil and water loss sensitivity in karst ecosystem in Guangxi follow the order meteorology>rocky desertification>vegetation>soil>topography>human activities;the PCAEI model is the best,followed by the AHPEI model and the CMSEI model comes to the next.From the grade of sensitivity,the sensitive areas to soil and water loss were mainly mild,moderate and highly sensitive areas.On the whole,the risk of soil and water loss sensitivity in karst ecosystem in Guangxi was severe.From the perspective of spatial distribution,the intensity of soil and water loss sensitivity gradually increased from the east to the west and from the south to the north in the karst areas,and sensitive areas mainly distributed in Hechi City and Baise City,while insensitive areas mainly distributed in Guilin City and Chongzuo City. |
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| Keywords: | karst ecosystem evaluation of soil and water loss sensitivity key indicators spatial principal component analysis 3S technology |
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