海洋酸化可通过影响海洋生物脂质储存、脂肪酸氧化酶、RNA/DNA比值、生物矿化、能量代谢和细胞应激基因表达等途径, 影响海洋生物的核酸、蛋白质和脂肪酸组成与含量, 而这些生物大分子的组成与含量对海洋生物的生存、生长与发育发挥决定性作用。目前由于缺少海洋酸化对海洋生物大分子影响的研究, 影响机理尚不明确, 因此, 亟待加强用多学科、多层次探索海洋酸化对海洋生物特别是脊椎和无脊椎动物核酸、蛋白质及脂肪酸等生物大分子的影响, 并用现代分子生物学技术, 从遗传学、蛋白质组学及关键基因等方面, 综合探究海洋酸化对海洋生物影响的机理, 了解海洋酸化影响的本质, 揭示、掌握其规律, 从而为预测未来海洋酸化对海洋生物和生态系统的影响提供依据。本文主要综述海洋酸化对海洋生物核酸、蛋白质和脂肪酸的影响和机理, 旨在更好地研究海洋酸化对海洋生物大分子的影响及其机理, 为控制海洋酸化、保护海洋生态环境和海洋生物提供分子生物学依据, 同时也为科学调控养殖海水提供参考。

Ocean acidification (OA) affects macromolecules of marine organisms by affecting acid-base balance, energy metabolism, cellular stress response, macromolecular transportation and gene expression, while the composition and contents of the macromolecules play a decisive role on the existence, growth and development of marine organism. Up to now, seldom reports are on this field and the mechanism of OA effects has not been cleared. The present paper reviews the studies on the effects and mechanisms of OA on marine biological nucleic acids, proteins and fatty acids which, provides a basic information for the control of OA at the molecular level, and provides reference for the protection of marine ecological environment and organisms as well as scientific regulation of aquaculture seawater.