应用35对多态性较高的微卫星标记对鲤新品种——松浦红镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. songpu red mirror carp)的保种群体进行了遗传结构研究。结果显示, 在91尾松浦红镜鲤个体中, 共检测到140个等位基因, 每个位点等位基因数3~6个, 平均有效等位基因数为3.042 6; 期望杂合度范围为0.375 0~0.827 4, 均值为0.649 3; 多态信息含量范围为0.396~0.912, 均值为0.586 9; 哈迪−温伯格平衡检验结果表明群体处于不平衡状态; 平均固定系数为-0.026, 说明该群体存在杂合子过剩现象; 瓶颈效应分析表明, 群体已经历了瓶颈效应; 根据连锁不平衡方法计算有效群体大小为31.2。该研究表明松浦红镜鲤遗传多样性较为丰富, 为了在下一步保种工作中避免或降低瓶颈效应, 应加强保护工作, 从而保持其丰富遗传多样性和优良的经济性状。

The genetic structure of anew breeding variety of red mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. songpu red mirrer carp)was studied using 35 polymorphic microsatellite loci. The study showed that in the 91 sampled individuals, 166 alleles could be detected, the number of alleles at each locus ranged from three to six and the average number of effective alleleswas3.042 6. The expected heterozygosity varied from 0.375 0 to 0.827 4, with an average of 0.6493. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.396 to 0.912, with an average of 0.586 9. The results indicated rich polymorphism information content and large genetic diversity in the population. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium analysis showed that the population was in disequilibrium mode, which indicated that artificial selection had a great effect on the population. The average fixation index (FIS) was 0.026, which indicated that heterozygote excess existed in the population. Bottleneck analysis illustrated that the population has experienced a bottleneck effect recently. The effective population size was 31.2 as assessed by the linkage disequilibrium method. The study illustrated that this variety has rich genetic diversity. To avoid or reduce the bottlenecks in the next reservation project, protection work should be strengthened to maintain its rich diversity and economic traits.