研究了不同NaCl盐度(0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、12)和NaHCO₃碱度(0 mmol/L、10.00 mmol/L、15.85 mmol/L、25.12 mmol/L、39.81 mmol/L、63.10 mmol/L)对松浦镜鲤(Cynipus carpio)、方正鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)和大鳞鲃(Barbus capito)精子活力及其受精率的影响。结果表明: 1) 在盐度为4时, 方正鲫和大鳞鲃精子的激烈运动时间、快速运动时间和寿命最长, 方正鲫分别为(90.11±9.03) s、(126.34±13.90) s和(154.27±11.36) s; 大鳞鲃分别为(48.91±1.43) s、(62.19±4.28) s和(90.68±4.46) s。在盐度为5时松浦镜鲤精子的激烈运动时间、快速运动时间和寿命最长, 分别为(72.44±9.42) s、(102.16±8.82) s和(206.99±6.65) s。2) 当盐度达到8以上时, 3种鱼的精子激活将受到抑制; 盐度大于10时, 方正鲫和大鳞鲃精子死亡; 盐度大于11时, 松浦镜鲤精子死亡。3) 在碱度为15.83 mmol/L时, 3种鱼的精子激烈运动时间、快速运动时间和寿命均最长, 且显著高于其他碱度条件下的精子活力(P<0.05)。4) 在盐度为1时, 方正鲫和大鳞鲃受精率达到最高分别为63.0%和68.0%, 在盐度为3时, 松浦镜鲤受精率达到最高为72.3%, 当盐度大于3时, 受精率开始呈明显下降趋势。碱度为10.00 mmol/L时, 3种鱼的受精率均最高, 分别为75.4%、54.0%和66.0%。本实验旨在通过测定不同NaCl盐度、NaHCO₃碱度条件下3种鱼类精子的活力和受精率所受的影响, 为北方地区碳酸型盐碱水域的渔业开发利用提供基础资料。 

 We investigated the influence of salinity at different levels (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) and alkalinity (0 mmol/L, 10.00 mmol/L, 15.85 mmol/L, 25.12 mmol/L, 39.81 mmol/L, 63.10 mmol/L) on the sperm motility and fertilization rate of Songpu mirror carp (Cynipus carpio), gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) and Barbus capito in this study. The results showed that: 1) The drastic movement time, rapid movement time and life span of the sperm of gibel carp and Barbus capito were the longest when the salinity was 4, and the duration of gibel carp sperm were (90.11±9.03) s, (126.34±13.90) s and (154.27±11.36) s, respectively; while the duration of sperm in Barbus capito were (48.91±1.43) s, (62.19±4.28) s and (90.68±4.46) s, respectively. The drastic movement time, rapid movement time and life span of the Songpu mirror carp sperm were the longest at the salinity of 5, and they were (72.44±9.42) s, (102.16±8.82) s and (206.99±6.65) s, respectively. 2) When the salinity was higher than 8, the initiation of these sperm of the three species were all inhibited. When the salinity was higher than 10, the sperm of gibel carp and Barbus capito were dead, and when the salinity was greater than 11, the sperm of Songpu mirror carp was dead. 3) For alkalinity, at alkalinity of 15.83 mmol/L, the drastic movement time, rapid movement time and life span of the three fishes were the longest, and the sperm motility were significantly greater than other alkalinity groups (P<0.05). 4) The fertilization rate of gibel carp and Barbus capito were the highest at salinity of 1, and they were 63.0% and 68.0%, respectively. The fertilization rate of Songpu mirror carp was 72.3% at salinity of 3, which was the highest among all salinities. At alkalinity of 10.00 mmol/L, the fertilization rate of the three fishes reached the highest, which were 75.4%, 54.0% and 66.0%, respectively. Consequently, the effects of salinity and alkalinity on the sperm motility and fertilization rate of the three fishes were obtained in present study, which may provide basic data for the exploitation and development of fisheries in carbonated saline waters in North China.