| 玉米蛋白粉对大黄鱼生长、肠道组织结构及肠道菌群的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 何娇娇,王萍,冯建,娄宇栋.玉米蛋白粉对大黄鱼生长、肠道组织结构及肠道菌群的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(2):361-372. |
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| 作者姓名： | 何娇娇 王萍 冯建 娄宇栋 |
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| 作者单位： | 浙江海洋大学浙江省海洋养殖装备与工程技术重点室 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31602205）；国家海洋公益性行业科研专项（201505025）；浙江省自然科学重点基金（Z16E0-90006）；浙江省重中之重学科开放基金（XKZSC1406）；舟山市海洋专项（2015C41001）；浙江海洋大学重中之重学科项目（20161105）. |
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| 摘 要： | 为了探讨玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)生长、肠道组织结构及肠道微生物菌群的影响,进行了为期8周的生长实验。以初始体重为(10.49±0.03)g的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象,用玉米蛋白粉分别替代基础饲料(含40%鱼粉)中0%(FM,对照组)、15%(CGM15)、30%(CGM30)、45%(CGM45)、60%(CGM60)、75%(CGM75)的鱼粉,配制6种等氮(粗蛋白含量45%)等脂(粗脂肪含量10%)的实验饲料。56 d投喂实验结束后,各处理组幼鱼的存活率与特定生长率以及饲料系数等指标均无显差异(P0.05)。从肠道组织学发现,各处理组与对照组(FM)的幼鱼肠道组织结构肠黏膜、皱襞高度、杯状细胞个数均无显著差异性(P0.05),但CGM60组的幼鱼部分肠黏膜上皮细胞被破坏,上皮细胞排列紊乱,纹状缘出现缺刻,肠绒毛部分出现脱落或破损;CGM75组的幼鱼肠道的皱襞高度变短,皱襞密度降低,皱襞个数减少。选取FM、CGM15(生长相对较好)和CGM75(生长相对较差)三组运用Illumina-Mi Seq高通量测序技术分析幼鱼肠道菌群的物种丰富度指数(chao1)、香农指数(Shannon)、辛普森指数(Simpson)和覆盖率(good coverage)均无显著差异(P0.05);基于门水平,FM、CGM15和CGM75组的幼鱼肠道细菌中优势菌群为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria)。而在属水平,类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)、嗜碱菌属(Alkaliphilus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、肠球菌属(Enterococcus)为其优势菌群。分析属水平差异菌属发现,与FM组相比较,CGM15和CGM75组均显著增加了链球菌属(Streptococcus)的物种丰度(P0.05);与FM组相比,CGM15组显著降低了德沃斯氏菌(Devosia)和纤维弧菌属(Cellvibrio)的物种丰度(P0.05);与FM组相比,CGM75组显著增加了葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)的物种丰度(P0.05)。综上所述,玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉达45%时对大黄鱼幼鱼的生长、肠道组织结构及肠道优势菌群均影响不大。
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| 关 键 词： | 大黄鱼 玉米蛋白粉 生长 肠道组织结构 高通量测序 肠道细菌 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/4/24 0:00:00 |
Effects of replacing fish meal with corn gluten meal on growth, intestinal histology, and intestinal microbiota of large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea |
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| HE Jiaojiao,WANG Ping,FENG Jian,LOU Yudong.Effects of replacing fish meal with corn gluten meal on growth, intestinal histology, and intestinal microbiota of large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2018,25(2):361-372. |
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| Authors: | HE Jiaojiao WANG Ping FENG Jian LOU Yudong |
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| Institution: | National Engineering Research Center of Marine Facilities Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China |
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| Abstract: | This study investigated the effects of the partial substitution of dietary fish meal by corn-gluten meal on the growth, intestinal histology, and structure of intestinal bacteria in juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) (mean initial weight 10.49 g±0.03 g). Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% crude lipid) diets with various dietary protein levels (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%, and 75%, designated as FM, CGM15, CGM30, CGM45, CGM60, and CGM75, respectively) were formulated and fed to triplicate groups for 56 d. The results showed that the survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly affected (P>0.05). The observed intestinal histology (mucosa thickness, mucosal fold height, and goblet cell quantity) was not significantly affected in all of the groups (P>0.05), but some epithelial cells in the CGM60 group were destroyed or rearranged in a disorderly manner and parts of the striated border and intestinal villus were destroyed, the mucosal fold height in the CGM75 group was lower than that in the other groups, and the density and numbers of mucosal folds decreased. An Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing analysis of intestinal contents showed that the Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson indices, and Good''s coverage in FM, CGM15, and CGM75 were not significantly affected (P>0.05). The Firmicutes and Proteobacteria groups completely dominated the bacterial communities in juvenile L. crocea. The Paenibacillus, Alkaliphilus, Bacillus, and Enterococcus genera were the most dominant bacteria in the microbial ecosystem. At the genus level, compared to the control group, the abundances of Streptococcus in CGM15 and CGM75 were significantly higher (P<0.05), the abundances of Devosia and Cellvibrio in CGM15 were significantly lower (P<0.05), and the abundance of Staphylococcus in CGM75 was significantly higher (P<0.05). These results suggest that the optimal dietary-protein level is about 45% without adverse effects on growth, intestinal histology, and structure of intestinal dominant bacteria in juvenile L. crocea. |
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| Keywords: | Larimichthys crocea corn gluten meal growth intestinal histology high-throughput sequencing intestinal microbiota |
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