| 黑龙江省春季低温指数及其对作物产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 田宝星,于 敏,李浩然,殷世平,李宇光,纪仰慧.黑龙江省春季低温指数及其对作物产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2018,34(25):93-99. |
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| 作者姓名： | 田宝星 于 敏 李浩然 殷世平 李宇光 纪仰慧 |
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| 作者单位： | 黑龙江省气象科学研究所;东北农业大学资源与环境学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所2016 年度开放基金项目“基于卫星遥感气溶胶光学厚度产品的哈尔滨大气环境监测评价技术研究” (2016SYIAE10)；中国气象局气象关键技术集成与应用项目“基于FY-3 的通用特征空间旱情监测与评价技术应用”(CMAGJ2015M18)；黑龙江省自然 科学基金项目“基于卫星遥感通用特征空间技术的黑龙江省农区干旱监测研究”(D201414)；黑龙江省气象局科学技术研究项目“基于卫星遥感技术 的黑龙江省农情监测及产量趋势估算技术研究”(HQZD2015017)、“黑龙江省大豆生长发育期气象指标验证及应用”(HQ2016014)、“大兴安岭野生蓝 莓生长气候条件分析”(HQ2016015)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为了解1971—2014年黑龙江省春季低温指数的分布规律和变化趋势及对作物产量的影响。利用黑龙江省80个气象站春季最低气温和平均气温资料,结合低温指数模型,通过线性回归和EOF分析等方法,对黑龙江省春季低温指数的变化特征进行分析。结果表明:春季低温指数呈减少趋势,1980s以来低温指数明显减少,2010s低温指数明显增加。春季低温指数呈现正、负相间变化,东南部等值线密集,由于热量条件变化多,低温指数变化快;春季低温指数特征向量正值区域低温指数增加,负值区域减少。各站点春季气温呈升高趋势,1970s气温逐渐升高,2010s有所下降,各站点春季低温指数相反。低温指数是气温的一种表现形式。春季气温升高,低温指数将减少;春季低温指数增加,玉米和水稻单产将下降,极端低温事件的发生将造成减产幅度加大。研究结果为区域尺度内研究低温冷害提供基础方法,对科学制定农作物品种布局及确定种植北界有重要的参考价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 黑龙江省 低温 春季 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/6/16 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/10/24 0:00:00 |
The Lowest Temperature Index in Spring and Its Effects on Crop Yield in Heilongjiang |
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| Abstract: | The paper aims to understand the distribution rule and trend of the lowest temperature index in spring and its effects on crop yield in Heilongjiang over 44 years. The authors used the lowest temperature index model, linear regression and EOF to analyze the variation characteristics of the lowest temperature index in spring, based on the daily data of the lowest temperature, average temperature from 80 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang from 1971 to 2014. The results showed that: there was a downtrend of the lowest temperature index in spring, the lowest temperature index decreased obviously since 1980s, but it increased significantly in 2010s; the lowest temperature index in spring presented alternate positive and negative variation in space, because of the heat condition change, the densest isolines and rapid change of the lowest temperature index appeared in the southeast; the lowest temperature index in spring increased in the positive region of characteristic vector, and reduced in the negative region; there was an uptrend of mean temperature of each site in spring, which increased since 1970s, then decreased in 2010s, however, the change of the lowest temperature index in each site was on the contrary; the lowest temperature index was a kind of expression of temperature. The lowest temperature index would decrease if the temperature rose in spring; with the increase of the lowest temperature index in spring, maize and rice yield would decline, extreme low temperature events
would cut down the production greatly. The results provide a basic method for studying chilling injury in regional scale, and have certain reference value for scientific layout of crop variety and for determining the northern boundary of cultivation. |
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| Keywords: | Heilongjiang Province low temperature spring yield |
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