An outline of soil nematode succession on abandoned fields in South Bohemia |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg‐August‐University Göttingen, Germany;2. Institute of Biology, Ecology Group, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany;3. Department of Agricultural Soil Science, Georg‐August‐University Göttingen, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Secondary succession of nematodes was studied in 1–48-year-old abandoned fields on cambisols in South Bohemia, Czech Republic, and compared with cultivated field and sub-climax oak forests. Bacterivores were the predominant group in the cultivated field whereas in forests root-fungal feeders (mainly Filenchus) were almost as abundant as bacterivores. The total abundance of nematodes in the cultivated field averaged 868 × 103 ind m?2. During the first three years of succession the abundance practically did not change (775 × 103 ind m?2), the fauna was still similar to that in cultivated field but the biomass increased mainly due to Aporcelaimellus. Then the abundance increased up to 3731 × 103 ind m?2 in 7–8-year-old abandoned fields, plant parasites (Helicotylenchus) dominated and the fungal-based decomposition channel was activated. Later the abundance stabilised at between 1086 and 1478 × 103 ind m?2 in 13–25-year-old successional meadow stages with high population densities of omnivores and predators. The total abundance of nematodes was low in the 12–13-year-old willow shrub stage (594 × 103 ind m?2), increased in the 35–48-year-old birch shrub stage (1760 × 103 ind m?2) and the nematode fauna developed towards a forest community. The diversity and maturity of nematode communities generally increased with the age of abandoned fields but the highest values were in meadow stages (81–113 species, 57–68 genera, MI 2.73–3.30). The development of meadow arrested succession towards forests or diverted succession towards a waterlogged ecosystem. The succession of nematodes was influenced by the method of field abandonment (bare soil vs. legume cover, mowing) that affected the formation of either a shrub or meadow stage, and by the soil water status. The composition of the nematode fauna indicated that the soil food web could recover faster from agricultural disturbance under successive meadows than under shrubs. |
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