Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Unripe Grape (Qora) |
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| Authors: | Hatef Bagheri Mohsen Esmaiili |
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| Institution: | 1.Department of Food Science and Technology,Islamic Azad University Tabriz Branch,Tabriz,Iran;2.Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering,Urmia University,Urmia,Iran |
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| Abstract: | Optimization of the extraction and analysis of phytochemicals can improve the production and quality of foods. The aim of this study is to evaluate ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from unripe grape (Vitis vinifera). At first stage, conventional thermal extraction was carried out in order to optimize the temperature (50, 70, 90 °C) and duration (20, 40, and 60?min) of the process (control). Investigations showed that the optimum condition of temperature and duration is 70 °C and 30?min, respectively. Then, grape pulp was treated for 30?min by ultrasound at a fixed frequency of 20?kHz. Results showed that ultrasound application increased the total phenolic content of the samples considerably. In addition, individual phenolic composition of the samples, namely rutin, gallic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercetin, and resveratrol were measured by HPLC. A good relation was observed between chromatographic and total phenol results. This study showed that ultrasound-assisted extraction is a sufficient method to produce verjuice as a rich and inexpensive source of antioxidants. |
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