| 残膜捡拾压缩车及其作业工艺设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘进宝,郑 炫,赵 岩,陈学庚,刘兴爱,葛士林.残膜捡拾压缩车及其作业工艺设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(19):17-26. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘进宝 郑 炫 赵 岩 陈学庚 刘兴爱 葛士林 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 新疆科神农业装备科技开发股份有限公司,石河子,832000;2. 新疆农垦科学院机械装备研究所,石河子,832000;3. 中国农业大学工学院,北京,100083 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目（201503105）；兵团重大科技项目（2014AA002-2）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为解决残膜回收时捡拾率低、机具集膜箱存储量小、机械化作业过程不连续等问题,研制了一种棉田残膜捡拾压缩车,该机主要由清杂机构、捡膜机构、脱膜输送机构、压缩机构等组成,可同时完成残膜杂质分离、残膜捡拾、脱膜输送和压缩作业.通过对样机关键作业部件的设计,确定了清杂辊、捡膜机构和脱膜输送装置的结构及工作参数,并分析了机具作业过程.样机分别在3种残膜分段回收工艺:搂集—捡压、秸秆还田—搂集—捡压、秸秆还田—捡压中进行试验,田间试验表明,机具作业速度在5~7 km/h,清杂辊转速为240 r/min,捡膜机构转速为90 r/min,脱膜辊转速为1000 r/min时,在回收工艺一搂膜距离≤40 m,回收工艺二搂膜距离≤60 m时,膜堆残膜捡拾率大于80%,清杂率大于78%;在回收工艺三中,棉杆残留根茬高度≤80 mm时,未集堆地表残膜捡拾率达到88.21%,机具缠膜率小于2%,机具可一次性捡拾压缩回收8 hm2田间残膜.
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 设计 试验 残膜 回收工艺 清理杂质 膜堆捡拾 液压压缩 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/3/11 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/8/4 0:00:00 |
Design and experiment of operating process for collecting residual film compacted truck |
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| Liu Jinbao,Zheng Xuan,Zhao Yan,Chen Xuegeng,Liu Xingai and Ge Shilin.Design and experiment of operating process for collecting residual film compacted truck[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(19):17-26. |
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| Authors: | Liu Jinbao Zheng Xuan Zhao Yan Chen Xuegeng Liu Xingai and Ge Shilin |
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| Institution: | 1. Xinjiang Keshen Agricultural Equipment Technology Development Co., LTD, Shihezi 832000, China,2. Machinery Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China,2. Machinery Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China,2. Machinery Equipment Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China,1. Xinjiang Keshen Agricultural Equipment Technology Development Co., LTD, Shihezi 832000, China and 3. College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The high impurity content and the residual film loosening have led to the problems that the recovery rate of residual film is low, the machine loading capacity is small, and the mechanized operation process is not continuous. In order to solve these problems, we put forward 3 kinds of recycling models of residual film recovery after cotton harvest, and analyzed the operation process and operating features of these 3 kinds of recycling methods. The first kind of recycling process was as follows: Firstly, the straw returning machine set up the residual film strip; secondly, the heap of the residual film was set before cotton stalk recovery; finally, the truck collecting and compacting residual film picked up the heap of the residual film gathered. For the second kind of recycling process, cotton straw chopping and residual plastic film collection strip combined machine was firstly operated; next, the truck collecting and compacting residual plastic film picked up the heap of the residual film gathered. The third kind of recycling process was as follows: Firstly, straw returning machine operates, or cotton stalk pulling machine operates; secondly, the truck collecting and compacting residual film picked up the surface residual plastic film. A new operation mode was designed for the truck collecting and compacting residual film. The machine consists of impurities separation mechanism, pickup mechanism, residual film shedding mechanism, residual film compression mechanism, and hydraulic control system. Machine can simultaneously complete separation of residual film and impurities, residual film pickup and delivery, and residual film compression. A kind of structure preventing residual film winding was designed, and spring teeth and pole teeth in this structure were in staggered arrangement. The equations of the motion of impurities separation mechanism and pickup mechanism were respectively established, and the process of impurities separation mechanism and pickup mechanism operation was analyzed. The rotational speed of the end of the spring teeth was calculated to be 240 r/min, and the rotational speed of the pole teeth end of the picking mechanism was 90 r/min. The mechanism was designed, which could prevent residual film shedding mechanism from congestion. The operation process of the residual film conveying mechanism was analyzed, and the rotational speed of the end of film removing blade was 1 000 r/min. A kind of electronically controlled hydraulic compression system was designed, and the residual film loading of the compressed film box was improved. Then we examined the capability of the prototype and checked its production functions in field. The size of the heap of the residual film and the proportion of the residual film were recovered in the different distances for the first kind of recovery process model and the second kind of recovery process model. The prototype field experiments showed that, with the increase of the work distance of gathering up the film, the size of the residual film stack was increasing, and the proportion of residual film was decreased obviously. In the case of the same work distance gathering up the residual, the impurity content in the first kind of recycling process was higher than that of the second kind of recycling process, and the recovery rate of the residual film in the first kind of recycling process was lower than that of the second kind of recycling process. The recovery effects of three kinds of recovery processes were compared. The first kind of recovery method included gathering up the residual film before cotton stalk recovery-collecting residual film and compressing, with a work distance of gathering up the film of less than 40 m, and its pickup work was better. The secondary recovery method included gathering up the film after cotton stalk returning-setting heap of the residual film gathered-collecting residual film and compressing, with a work distance of gathering up the film of less than 60 m, and its pickup work was better, with a pickup rate of greater than 80%. The third recovery method included cotton stalk recovery-collecting residual film and compressing, and when the stubble height was less than 80 mm, the collecting rate of residual film reached 88.21%. The truck collecting and compacting residual film could pick up and compress the residue film in 8 hm2 field. The rate of film winding was less than 2%. Through compression test, it demonstrated, to ensure the smooth operation of the machine when the operating speed of the machine was 1.9 m/s, the reciprocating compression time of compression cylinder was 20 s; the compression density was up to 300 kg/m3. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery design experiments residual film recovery method cleaning out impurities residual film stack pickup hydraulic compression |
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