| 蚯蚓磨浆发酵产物减轻苹果连作障碍的机制 |
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| 引用本文： | 潘凤兵,姜伟涛,陈冉,徐明娜,陈学森,沈向,尹承苗,毛志泉.蚯蚓磨浆发酵产物减轻苹果连作障碍的机制[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2021,27(3):429-439. |
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| 作者姓名： | 潘凤兵 姜伟涛 陈冉 徐明娜 陈学森 沈向 尹承苗 毛志泉 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安 271018 |
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| 基金项目： | 现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-27);国家自然科学基金项目(32072510);山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019ZZ008);泰山学者资助项目(ts20190923);山东省高等学校青创科技支持计划项目(2019KJF020);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020MC131);山东省水果创新团队项目(SDAIT-06-07)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 探究蚯蚓磨浆发酵产物防控苹果连作障碍的可行性。 【方法】 蚯蚓 (Eisenia foetida) 用湿法磨碎后，加入枯草芽孢杆菌 (Bacillus subtilis) 和黑曲霉菌 (Aspergillus niger) 发酵，发酵物用于试验。盆栽试验土壤采自27年龄的苹果园，供试作物为平邑甜茶幼苗。蚯蚓发酵物施入土壤，在苹果幼苗生长4个月后，调查苹果幼苗的生长状况，分析土壤中总微生物量、致病成分含量和有害真菌数量。 【结果】 施用蚯蚓磨浆发酵产物有效提高了苹果连作土壤中的细菌、放线菌数量，显著降低了真菌数量。与连作土对照相比，施用蚯蚓磨浆发酵产物处理连作土壤尖孢镰孢菌、层出镰孢菌、腐皮镰孢菌和串珠镰孢菌这4种有害真菌分别降低了65.6%、13.9%、84.2%和24.1%；有效降低了连作土壤中酚酸类物质的含量，其中根皮苷、根皮素和对羟基苯甲酸含量分别降低了74.2%、48.9%和67.0%；显著促进了植株根系的生长，提高了根系呼吸速率和抗氧化酶活性，根系呼吸速率、SOD、POD和CAT活性分别提高了69.4%、81.2%、81.1%和161.5%。蚯蚓磨浆发酵产物的添加极大促进了平邑甜茶幼苗植株的生长，植株干重是连作对照CK的2.58倍；同时提高了植株叶片的光合效率及叶绿素含量，其中光合效率比对照提高了46.5%，叶片叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量分别是对照的1.38和1.65倍。 【结论】 蚯蚓磨浆发酵产物的施入可有效提高土壤中细菌、放线菌数量，显著降低真菌数量和有害成分，改善苹果连作果园土壤环境，促进苹果幼树的生长，从而降低苹果连作障碍造成的危害。
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| 关 键 词： | 蚯蚓 发酵产物 苹果连作障碍 土壤环境 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-18 |
Mechanisms of earthworm fermentation products reducing apple replant disease |
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| PAN Feng-bing,JIANG Wei-tao,CHEN Ran,XU Ming-na,CHEN Xue-sen,SHEN Xiang,YIN Cheng-miao,MAO Zhi-quan.Mechanisms of earthworm fermentation products reducing apple replant disease[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2021,27(3):429-439. |
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| Authors: | PAN Feng-bing JIANG Wei-tao CHEN Ran XU Ming-na CHEN Xue-sen SHEN Xiang YIN Cheng-miao MAO Zhi-quan |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China |
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| Abstract: | Objectives]We studied the effect of earthworm homogenate prepared by wet grinding fermentation on microbial composition and hazardous compounds related to continuous cropping of apple(Malus hupehensis)and apple replant disease(ARD).Methods]We grew apple seedlings(Malus hupehensis)in pots filled with soil collected from a 27-year old apple orchard.Earthworm(Eisenia foetida)homogenate prepared by wet grinding and fermented with addition of Bacillus subtilis and Aspergillus niger was applied into soil.After the apple seedlings were grown for 4 months,the growth status of seedlings,total microbial population,hazardous compounds content and the pathogenic bacteria population were assessed.Results]The earthworm fermentation products significantly increased the number of bacteria and actinomycetes,and reduced the number of fungi.The four harmful fungi(F.oxysporum,F.proliferatum,F.solani and F.moniliforme)closely related to continuous cropping of apple decreased by 65.6%,13.9%,84.2%and 24.1%,respectively.The earthworm fermentation products significantly reduced the contents of phloroside,phloretin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the soil by 74.2%,48.9%and 67.0%,respectively.Earthworm fermentation products also significantly promoted root growth,root respiration rate and antioxidant enzyme activity.The root respiration rate,SOD,POD,and CAT activities were increased by 69.4%,81.2%,81.1%and 161.5%,respectively.Compared to control,the biomass of apple seedlings increased significantly,the plant dry weight was 2.58 times of that in CK,the photosynthetic efficiency increased by 46.5%,the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b were 1.38 times and 1.65 times of those in CK,respectively.Conclusions]The application of earthworm fermentation products could effectively increase the population of bacteria and actinomycetes,and decrease that of fungi and hazardous substance contents in soil.Thus,it is effective in promoting the growth of young apple trees as well as reducing the harm caused by the apple replant disease. |
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| Keywords: | earthworm fermentation products apple replant disease soil environment |
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