| 冷季牦牛和黄牛采食行为、血清生化指标与瘤胃发酵参数的比较研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李晨,Anum Ali Ahmad,张剑搏,梁泽毅,丁学智,阎萍.冷季牦牛和黄牛采食行为、血清生化指标与瘤胃发酵参数的比较研究[J].草业学报,2021,30(6):162-169. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李晨 Anum Ali Ahmad 张剑搏 梁泽毅 丁学智 阎萍 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所，甘肃省牦牛繁育重点实验室，甘肃 兰州 730050;2.兰州大学生命科学学院，甘肃 兰州 730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国农业科学院牦牛资源与育种创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2014-LIHPS-01);国家自然基金委国际合作与交流项目(31461143020) |
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| 摘 要： | 本试验为研究冷季营养匮乏对放牧牦牛和黄牛血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数及放牧行为的影响，选取体重相近、健康无病的4岁母牦牛和母黄牛各10头，分别于2018年11月、2019年1和3月佩戴MOOnitor监测系统对其放牧行为进行研究。在试验期末（2019年3月）采集牧草样品、瘤胃液和血液，用于牧草营养成分、血清生化指标和瘤胃发酵参数分析。结果表明：1）牦牛血清中血糖（GLU）、生长激素（GH）、胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1）和胰岛素（INS）含量较黄牛显著升高（P<0.05）；2）牦牛瘤胃液氨态氮、乙酸、戊酸、总挥发性脂肪酸含量及乙酸/丙酸均显著高于黄牛（P<0.05）；3）冷季营养严重不足，牦牛采食时间、反刍时间较黄牛显著减少（P<0.05），行走时间相对增加（P<0.05），且采食范围由集中趋于分散，空间分布由峡谷平地逐渐向山坡迁移。综上所述，冷季自然放牧下，牦牛较本地黄牛具有更强的营养物质代谢能力且可产生更多的挥发性脂肪酸为其提供能量，通过增加游走采食等放牧行为帮助其提高能量利用效率进而有效应对冷季营养匮乏。
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| 关 键 词： | 牦牛 血清生化指标 瘤胃发酵参数 放牧行为 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-05-13 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020-07-21 |
Comparative study of grazing behavior,serum biochemical indexes,and rumen fermentation parameters of yaks and cattle in the cold seaso |
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| LI Chen,ANUM Ali Ahmad,ZHANG Jian-bo,LIANG Ze-yi,DING Xue-zhi,YAN Ping.Comparative study of grazing behavior,serum biochemical indexes,and rumen fermentation parameters of yaks and cattle in the cold seaso[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2021,30(6):162-169. |
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| Authors: | LI Chen ANUM Ali Ahmad ZHANG Jian-bo LIANG Ze-yi DING Xue-zhi YAN Ping |
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| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering，Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Lanzhou 730050，China;2.School of Life Sciences，Lanzhou University，Lanzhou 730000，China |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cold season nutritional stress on serum biochemical indexes， rumen fermentation parameters， and grazing behavior of grazing yaks and cattle. The MOOnitor system was used to observe the grazing behavior of yaks and cattle in the cold season （November， January， and March）. At the end of the test period （March）， forage samples， rumen fluid， and blood samples were collected to analyze the nutrient composition of forage， serum biochemical indexes and rumen fermentation parameters. The results showed that： 1） The contents of serum glucose （GLU）， growth hormone （GH）， insulin-like growth factor 1 （IGF-1）， and insulin （INS） were significantly higher in yaks than in cattle （P<0.05）； 2） The contents of ammonia nitrogen， acetate， valerate， total volatile fatty acids， and acetate/propionate in rumen fluid were significantly higher in yaks than in cattle （P<0.05）； 3） Nutrition in the cold season was severely deficient. Compared with cattle， yaks had significantly shorter grazing time and rumination time （P<0.05）， and a significantly longer walking time （P<0.05）. For yaks， the range of grazing was gradually dispersed， and the spatial distribution gradually shifted from canyon flat land to hillside. Therefore， under the nutritional stress of natural grazing in the cold season， compared with cattle， yaks have a stronger capacity to metabolize nutrients and produce volatile fatty acids as an energy source. Thus， the energy efficiency of yaks is better than that of cattle， and this allows them to effectively cope with cold season nutritional deficiencies by increasing grazing behaviors such as walking and grazing. |
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| Keywords: | yak serum biochemical indexes rumen fermentation parameters grazing behavior |
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