| 杀菌剂防治结缕草大斑病效果及生理响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 傅强,徐彦花,张巨明,刘天增.杀菌剂防治结缕草大斑病效果及生理响应[J].草业科学,2021,38(8):1477-1486. |
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| 作者姓名： | 傅强 徐彦花 张巨明 刘天增 |
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| 作者单位： | 华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院,/,广东省草业工程技术研究中心,广东,广州,510642 |
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| 基金项目： | 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2020A1515011261) |
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| 摘 要： | 结缕草(Zoysia japonica)大斑病是一种由立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)引起的草坪病害，在兰引Ⅲ号结缕草上危害严重。为了探究杀菌剂对大斑病的防治效果，本研究选用‘扮绿’(156 g·L?1丙环唑)、‘绘绿’(50%嘧菌酯)、‘赛达’(0.31%嘧菌酯+ 0.75%丙环唑)、‘卉乐’(12%咯菌腈) 4种杀菌剂，通过菌丝生长速率法测定杀菌剂对立枯丝核菌R. solani ZS-1和R. solani ZW54菌落生长的抑制能力。测试结果表明，4种杀菌剂对立枯丝核菌均有不同程度的抑制作用，其中杀菌剂‘绘绿’对立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最好，EC50值小于1 mg·L?1。在结缕草上喷施杀菌剂‘绘绿’和‘扮绿’，然后接种立枯丝核菌R. solani ZS-1和R. solani ZW54，观察大斑病的发生情况以及对植株的生理影响。与喷施无菌水的对照相比，喷施杀菌剂后结缕草的大斑病发病率显著降低(P < 0.05)。杀菌剂处理后，叶片相对含水量、叶绿素含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶活性、几丁质酶活性、β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶活性显著高于对照(P < 0.05)，而脯氨酸和丙二醛含量则显著低于对照(P < 0.05)。从立枯丝核菌的耐药性来看，菌株R. solani ZS-1对杀菌剂的耐受性明显高于菌株R. solani ZW54。综合杀菌剂处理对立枯丝核菌的抑菌率和结缕草生理影响来看，杀菌剂‘绘绿’对大斑病的防治效果最好，防效在43%以上。本研究结果可为结缕草大斑病的防治提供指导，为提高草坪观赏价值和使用功能奠定基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 结缕草 大斑病 立枯丝核菌 杀菌剂 化学防治 致病性 生理响应 |
Effect and physiological response of fungicide controlling Zoysia japonica large patch |
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| FU Qiang,XU Yanhua,ZHANG Juming,LIU Tianzeng.Effect and physiological response of fungicide controlling Zoysia japonica large patch[J].Pratacultural Science,2021,38(8):1477-1486. |
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| Authors: | FU Qiang XU Yanhua ZHANG Juming LIU Tianzeng |
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| Abstract: | Large patch is a turf disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani, which is seriously harmful to Zoysia japonica ‘Lanyin No. Ⅲ’. In order to explore the control effect of fungicides on “large patch”, ‘Banner Maxx’ (156 g·L?1 propiconazole), ‘Heritage’ (50% azoxystrobin), ‘Headway G’ (0.31% azoxystrobin + 0.75% propiconazole), and ‘Medallion TL’ (12% fludioxonil) were selected to determine the inhibitory effect of fungicides on the colony growth of R. solani ZS-1 and R. solani ZW54 using the mycelium growth rate method. The results showed that the four fungicides caused inhibition of R. solani to varying degrees, and inhibition of fungicide ‘Heritage’ on mycelial growth of R. solani, with EC50 values below 1 mg·L?1 being the highest. Fungicides were sprayed on Z. japonica with ‘Heritage’ and ‘Banner Maxx’, then inoculated with R. solani ZS-1 and R. solani ZW54 to observe the occurrence of large patches and the physiological effects on plants. Compared with spraying with sterile water, the large patch incidence in Z. japonica was significantly reduced after spraying the fungicide (P < 0.05). After the fungicide treatment, the relative water content, chlorophyll content, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, chitinase activity, and β-1,3-glucanase activity of leaves were much higher than those of the control treatment, while the proline and malonate contents were considerably lower than those of the control treatment (P < 0.05). From the point of view of the resistance of R. solani, R. solani ZS-1 is considerably more resistant to fungicides than the ZW54 strain. To sum up the effects of fungicide treatment on the inhibitory rate of R. solani and the physiological effects of Z. japonica, the fungicide ‘Heritage’ has the best control effect on large patches with a control effect of over 43%. The results of this study can provide guidance for the prevention and control of R. solani and lay a foundation for improving the ornamental value of Z. japonica and its use in lawns. |
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| Keywords: | Zoysia japonica large patch Rhizoctonia solani fungicide chemical control pathogenicity physiological response |
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