| 甘肃省天祝县草原补奖政策实施效果 |
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| 引用本文： | 王树青,徐义,杨坤.甘肃省天祝县草原补奖政策实施效果[J].草业科学,2021,38(8):1650-1656. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王树青 徐义 杨坤 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃天祝县草原工作站,甘肃,天祝,733299;兰州大学草地农业科技学院,甘肃,兰州,730020 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金重点项目(72033009)%国家牧草产业技术体系(CARS-34) |
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| 摘 要： | 草原作为重要的生态资产与生产资源，在我国生态文明建设和社会经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。党的十八大以来，我国将生态文明建设纳入“五位一体”总体布局之中，在草原牧区实施草原生态补奖政策，对草地生态保护、修复和助力牧区精准脱贫具有重要意义。本研究以甘肃省天祝藏族自治县为例，通过历年统计数据和查阅年鉴等方式获得相关资料，对两轮补奖政策实施效果进行梳理，从补奖政策资金、草地生产力及载畜量、生态效益、经济效益和社会效益等方面分析了政策实施前后变化情况。结果表明：1)两轮补奖政策实施后，天祝县草原生态环境逐步恢复，草地生产力达到2 162.28 kg·hm–2，相比补奖政策实施前提高了45.4%；2)畜牧业生产方式不断转变，理论载畜量增长了42.98万个羊单位，相比补奖政策实施前提高了54.3%；3)农牧民人均收入从补奖政策实施前的4 012元增加到8 265元。遵从“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生态发展理念，为进一步加强草地生态恢复，建议：1)在平衡禁牧下农户收入水平和生态补偿资金投入的基础上确定草原补奖补偿标准；2)加快培育现代农业产业，加大产业扶持力度，积极发展特色农牧业；3)建立健全放牧禁牧制度，科学制定草原合理利用计划。
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| 关 键 词： | 草原生态补奖 禁牧 草畜平衡 载畜量 青藏高原 祁连山保护区 放牧 |
Effect of implementing grassland subsidy policy in Tianzhu County,Gansu Province,China |
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| WANG Shuqing,XU Yi,YANG Kun.Effect of implementing grassland subsidy policy in Tianzhu County,Gansu Province,China[J].Pratacultural Science,2021,38(8):1650-1656. |
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| Authors: | WANG Shuqing XU Yi YANG Kun |
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| Abstract: | Grassland is an essential ecological asset and a productive resource, which means that it has an important strategic position in China’s social and economic development. Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC, China has incorporated the construction of ecological civilization into the overall layout of “five in one”, and implementation of the compensation for grassland policy is an important measure that will accelerate the construction of ecological civilization. In addition, the policy is of great significance to the sustainable development of the ecological environment and poverty reduction in pastoral regions. This study investigated the two rounds of compensation policy by analyzing the statistical data over the years and by consulting the almanac. The changes in livestock carrying capacity and the ecological, economic, and social benefits of different grassland types before and after implementing the policy were analyzed. The results showed that 1) after implementation of the two-round bonus policy, the ecological environment of the Tianzhu County grassland gradually recovered and the per unit yield of hay reached 2 162.28 kg·ha–1, which was 45.4% higher than before the bonus policy was implemented. 2) The mode of production used by the livestock industry continued to change. The theoretical livestock carrying capacity increased by 429 800 sheep units, which implies a 54.3% increase compared to before the introduction of the bonus policy. 3) The per capita income of farmers and herdsmen increased from 4 012 CNY before the policy was implemented to 8 265 CNY. After two rounds of the grassland ecological compensation policy following implementation of the prominent issues, the following are considered relevant and are therefore recommended: 1) increase investment in ecological compensation and improve the compensation standards of the Grassland Compensation Prize; 2) accelerate the development of modern agricultural industries, increase industrial support, and actively develop agriculture and animal husbandry with distinctive features; and 3) establish and improve the system of grazing prohibition and grazing control, and scientifically formulate measures for grazing prohibition and control. |
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| Keywords: | grassland ecological compensation grazing prohibition grass-animal balance livestock carrying capacity Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve grazing |
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