| 短花针茅荒漠草原不同载畜率对土壤的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 丁海君,韩国栋,王忠武,赵和平,张睿洋,张新杰.短花针茅荒漠草原不同载畜率对土壤的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):524-531. |
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| 作者姓名： | 丁海君 韩国栋 王忠武 赵和平 张睿洋 张新杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院呼和浩特010019; 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院呼和浩特010031;2. 内蒙古农业大学生态环境学院呼和浩特010019;3. 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院呼和浩特010031 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(31260124, 31070413, 31100330, 31260123)、教育部博士点学科专项基金项目(20121515120015)、中农内农两校合作基金(ZN201111)、科技部“十二五”科技支撑项目(2012BAD13B02)和内蒙古农牧业科学院青年创新基金项目(2011QNJJM13)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 以内蒙古自治区乌兰察布短花针茅荒漠草原为研究对象,通过9 a的定位试验,研究放牧对土壤理化性状的影响,旨在揭示不同载畜率条件下草原土壤退化的过程和机制,以便采取合理的放牧管理措施,遏制草原退化,促进草地畜牧业可持续发展。试验在短花针茅荒漠草原设定4个载畜率水平,重复3次,以成年蒙古羯羊为供试绵羊,从2004年开始小区放牧试验,每年放牧期为6月初到11月底,每天放牧时间为早6:00至晚18:00,放牧试验2012年结束后,通过对草原土壤理化性质的分析,得出主要结果如下:持续放牧9 a,土壤表层含水量随着载畜率的增加显著降低(P0.05),载畜率对土壤机械组成、p H及速效磷和速效钾含量的影响未达显著水平(P0.05);0~10 cm土层土壤有机质含量在重度放牧处理下显著低于(P0.05)其他处理;土壤容重随着放牧时间的延长下降17.25%;随着放牧强度的增加,土壤砂粒含量呈增加趋势,黏粒含量有所降低;土壤速效磷、速效钾含量随载畜率升高而降低;2012年重度放牧降低了土壤呼吸速率(P0.05)。结合载畜率与年度互作分析,经过9 a的持续放牧,短花针茅荒漠草原放牧还没有从本质上引起草地土壤理化性状的严重退化,但从土壤有机质含量来看,土壤出现了一定程度的退化现象。
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| 关 键 词： | 短花针茅荒漠草原 载畜率 土壤 物理性质 化学性质 |
| 收稿时间： | 4/7/2015 12:00:00 AM |
| 修稿时间： | 8/6/2015 12:00:00 AM |
Effect of stocking rate on Stipa breviflora desert steppe soil |
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| DING Haijun,HAN Guodong,WANG Zhongwu,ZHAO Heping,ZHANG Reiyang and ZHANG Xinjie.Effect of stocking rate on Stipa breviflora desert steppe soil[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(4):524-531. |
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| Authors: | DING Haijun HAN Guodong WANG Zhongwu ZHAO Heping ZHANG Reiyang and ZHANG Xinjie |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China
2. Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot 010031, China,College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China,College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China,Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science, Hohhot 010031, China,College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China and College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China |
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| Abstract: | Grasslandgrazingecosystemisoneofthemostefficientconsumptionsystemsoftheterrestrialecosystem.Thereare few repeated studies on long-term effects of stocking rate on stability of grazing ecosystems. With Inner Mongolia WulanchabuStipaBrevifloradesertsteppeasacasestudy,nineyearsstationaryexperimentwasconductedtostudytheeffectof grazingon soilphysicalandchemicalproperties.The studytested the processes and mechanisms of soil degradation atdifferent stocking rates with the aim of beneficial adoption of reasonable grazing management measures and promotingsustainabledevelopmentofgrasslandanimalhusbandry.Arandomizedcompleteblockdesignwassetupwithfourstockingrate treatments and three replicates. The stocking rate treatments included the control non-grazed enclosure (CK)], lightstockingrate(LG),moderatestockingrate(MG)andheavystockingrate(HG).AdultMongoliasheepwereusedincontinuousgrazing system from June to November of each year in 2004–2012. The stocking rates were 0 sheeps·hm-2 (CK), 0.91sheeps·hm-2(LG),1.82sheeps·hm-2(MG)and2.71sheeps·hm-2(HG).Soilphysicalandchemicalpropertiesweremeasuredin2004–2012.Theresultsshowedthatsoilwatercontentinthetopsoildecreasedsignificantlywithincreasingstockingrateafter9 years of continuous grazing. Soil bulk density decreased by 17.25% with extended grazing time (P < 0.05), but notsignificantlychangedwithstockingrate.Thestockingratehadnosignificantinfluenceonsoilmechanicalcomposition,pH,andcontentsofavailablephosphorusandpotassium.However,soilorganicmattersignificantlydecreased(P<0.05)inthe0-10cmsoildepthunderHGtreatmentcomparedwithothertreatments.Withincreasingstokingrate,thecontentofsandinthesoilincreasedandthatofclaydecreased.AlsoHGtreatmentsignificantlydecreasedsoilrespirationratein2012.Basedonstatisticalresultsofstockingrate,stockingyearandtheirinteractions,soilphysicalandchemicalconditionsofS.brevifloradesertsteppedidnotsignificantlychangeoverthenineyearsofgrazing.However,organicmatterapparentlyshowedacertaindegree of degradation. Because of resilience, hysteresis and complexity of natural soil systems, it was recommended thatstudiesontheeffectsofstockingratesonsoilbulkdensityshouldbedoneforlongertimeperiods. |
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| Keywords: | Stipa breviflora desret steppe Stocking rate Soil system Physical property Chemical property |
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