| 全球重要农业文化遗产地的农业生物多样性
特征及其保护与利用 |
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| 引用本文： | 张 丹,闵庆文,何 露,袁 正.全球重要农业文化遗产地的农业生物多样性
特征及其保护与利用[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(4):451-459. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张 丹 闵庆文 何 露 袁 正 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101;2. 住房和城乡建设部世界自然遗产保护研究中心北京 100835 |
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| 基金项目： | 农业部农业国际交流与合作项目“中国的全球重要农业文化遗产评估”资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 2002年联合国粮食及农业组织提出了"全球重要农业文化遗产(GIAHS)"的概念和动态保护理念,旨在建立全球重要农业文化遗产及其有关的景观、生物多样性、知识和文化保护体系,并在世界范围内得到认可与保护,使之成为可持续管理的基础。自此以后,特别是在全球环境基金的支持下,GIAHS的概念和保护理念已经得到越来越多的国家和国际组织的认可,并在项目实施过程中,通过项目试点地的积极探索,不仅使遗产地农业生物多样性和文化多样性得到有效保护,而且促进了遗产地经济社会的可持续发展。本文根据中国已被列入GIAHS的11个项目点及其保护工作,从遗传多样性、物种多样性、生态系统多样性、景观多样性以及文化多样性5个方面分析了农业文化遗产地农业生物多样性的特征,阐述了农业文化遗产地农业生物多样性利用的生态学思想以及原则,最后从建立监测和评估体系、强化农业生物多样性保护与可持续管理的研究、建立农业生物多样性保护的激励机制、建立农业文化遗产地自我维持和持续发展机制等4个方面,提出了农业文化遗产地农业生物多样性保护与利用的若干建议。
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| 关 键 词： | 全球重要农业文化遗产 农业生物多样性 保护与利用 动态保护 可持续发展 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/1/15 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2/2/2016 12:00:00 AM |
Agrobiodiversityfeatures,conservationandutilizationofChina’s GloballyImportantAgriculturalHeritageSystems |
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| ZHANG Dan,MIN Qingwen,HE Lu and YUAN Zheng.Agrobiodiversityfeatures,conservationandutilizationofChina’s GloballyImportantAgriculturalHeritageSystems[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(4):451-459. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Dan MIN Qingwen HE Lu and YUAN Zheng |
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| Abstract: | Recent increases in agricultural productivity have largely been attributed to the availability of high-yieldingvarieties,farmirrigationandagrochemicalinputs.However,manyoftheinputsandpracticesofintensiveagriculturehaveremaineddetrimentaltohumanhealth,environmentalqualityandbiodiversityconservation.Theshortageofintensivemodernagriculture requires “agriculture rethinking” and learning back from traditional agricultural systems. Conservation ofexistingbiodiversityintraditionalagriculturalsystemsandtheadoptionofbiodiversity-basedpracticeshavebeenproposedasawayofimprovingthesustainabilityofagriculturalproduction.In2002,theFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations(FAO)startedaninitiativeofGloballyImportantAgriculturalHeritageSystems(GIAHS)thatemphasizeddynamicconservation ideas. FAO defined GHAHS as “remarkable land use systems and landscapes rich in globallysignificant biological diversity evolving from the co-adaptation of a community with its environment and its needs andaspirations for sustainable development”. The GIAHS initiative aimed to establish the basis for international recognition,dynamic conservation and sustainable development management of such systems as agricultural biodiversity and theassociatedbiodiversity,knowledgesystems,foodandlivelihoodsecurity,landscapesandcultures.Sincethen,anincreasingnumber of countries and international organizations have accepted the concept of GIAHS with the related dynamicconservationideology,asespeciallysupportedbyGlobalEnvironmentFacility(GEF).OverfiveyearsofimplementationofGEFprojectinpilotcountrieshaveshownthatnotonlyagrobiodiversityandculturaldiversitybeeneffectivelyprotected,butalsosustainablesocio-economicdevelopmenthasbeenwellpromoted.Basedon11GIAHSsitesinChina,thispaperanalyzedtheagrobiodiversityfeaturesfromtheviewofgeneticdiversity,speciesdiversity,ecosystemdiversity,landscapediversityandcultural diversity. It then illustrated the ecological thoughts and principles, and some suggestions were put forward forconservation and utilization of agrobiodiversity. The approaches included the establishment of monitoring and evaluationsystems, intensification of agrobiodiversity conservation and sustainable management research, formulation of incentivemechanismsforagrobiodiversity,andsettingupofself-supportingandsustainabledevelopmentmechanisms. |
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| Keywords: | Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) Agrobiodiversity Conservation and utilization Dynamic conservation Sustainable development |
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