Dietary vitamin C,immunity and disease resistance in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) |
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| Authors: | Rune Waagbø Johan Glette Espen Raa-Nilsen Kjartan Sandnes |
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| Institution: | (1) Institute of Nutrition, Directorate of Fisheries, P.O. Box 1900, N-5024 Bergen, Norway;(2) Institute of Marine Research, Division of Aquaculture, P.O. Box 1870, N-5024 Bergen, Norway;(3) University of Bergen, Centre of Biotechnology, N-5020 Bergen, Norway;(4) Institute of Nutrition, Directorate of Fisheries, P.O. Box 1900, N-5024 Bergen, Norway |
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| Abstract: | Presmolt Atlantic salmon were fed a fish meal based experimental diet supplemented with graded levels of ascorbate-2-monophosphate
(AP), equivalent to 40, 400, 2000 and 4000 mg ascorbic acid (AA)/kg for 6 months prior to a bacterial challenge experiment.
The liver AA concentration reflected the dietary intake of AP, but not linearly. Growth, hematology and acid phosphatase activity
in zymosan stimulated macrophages were not affected by dietary AP. Serum hemolytic complement activity was higher in fish
fed the highest AP level, but the variation was not significant. Production of specific antibodies was significantly higher
in fish fed the highest AP level 11 and 17 weeks after vaccination. Bacterial challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida showed increased survival in the 4000 AP group. Lysozyme activity in headkidney and serum complement activity and serum iron
in fish surviving the challenge were higher in the 4000 AP group, indicating important roles of vitamin C on lysozyme, complement
and iron in non-specific disease resistance. The results indicate that high dietary levels of AP favourably affect health
in Atlantic salmon. Disease resistance was, however, not correlated with the AA status in the liver. |
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| Keywords: | Atlantic salmon fish nutrition immunity disease resistance vitamin C megadose ascorbic acid ascorbate-2-monophosphate incorporation |
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