| 油菜远缘杂交育种研究进展 |
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| 引用本文： | 王爱云,李栒,胡大有.油菜远缘杂交育种研究进展[J].西北农业学报,2005,14(6):67-71,77. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王爱云 李栒 胡大有 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 湖南农业大学,湖南,长沙,410128
2. 益阳职业技术学院,湖南,益阳,413000 |
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| 摘 要： | 综述了 20世纪80年代以来油菜远缘杂交育种所取得的成就、存在的主要问题、解决这些问题的方法、杂种鉴定及研究前景.受精不亲和是由于柱头乳突细胞内沉积大量胼胝质,对异源花粉产生特异性拒绝反应,导致受精前不亲和.幼胚、胚乳和子房组织之间缺乏协调性,特别是胚乳发育不正常,影响胚的发育致使胚部分或完全坏死,导致受精后不亲和.远缘杂种不育是由于种子不能发育,或虽能发芽,但在苗期或成株前夭亡;杂种植株不能开花,或雌雄配子不育,因而造成杂种的结实性差,甚至完全不能结实.选择适当亲本并注意正反交、蕾期授粉、改变植株生长和杂交条件、体细胞融合等可用来克服油菜远缘杂交不亲和性.子房、胚珠和胚培养、染色体加倍可用来克服远缘杂种的不育性.形态学比较、同工酶分析、Southern杂交分析和分子标记技术可用于远缘杂种的鉴定与选择.通过分析指出了油菜远缘杂交育种的前景及今后的研究方向.
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| 关 键 词： | 油菜 远缘杂交 育种 |
| 文章编号： | 1004-1389(2005)06-0067-05 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005/6/29 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005年6月29日 |
Research Advances on Distant Hybridization Breeding in Rapeseed |
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| WANG Ai-yun,LI Xun and HU Da-you.Research Advances on Distant Hybridization Breeding in Rapeseed[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2005,14(6):67-71,77. |
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| Authors: | WANG Ai-yun LI Xun and HU Da-you |
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| Institution: | Hu''nan Agricultural University, Changsha Hu''nan 410128, China;Hu''nan Agricultural University, Changsha Hu''nan 410128, China;Vocational and Technical College, Yiyang Hu''nan 413000, China |
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| Abstract: | The paper summarized the achievements, the existing main problems, the solutions, the hybrid identifications and research prospects on distant hybridization breeding in rapeseed since 1980. Fertilization incompatibility is due to an amount of corpus callosum deposited in papillary cells of its stigma , which produce rejection to foreign pollens and result in the incompatibility before fertilization. The inharmonies of young embryo , endosperm and ovary, especially the abnormal development of endosperm, influence the embryo's growth-partially or totally necrosis , thus, the incompatibility after fertilization appears. The distant hybrids are sterile because the seeds can not grow, or can germinate, but they die in seedling stage or before becoming plants; hybrid plants can not blossom or produce sterile male and female garnets-fewer seeds ever no seed totally. There are some methods to overcome the incompatibility of distant cross in rapeseed, such as selecting suitable parents, playing attention to positive and negative cross , being pollinated before blossom, changing the condition of growth and hybridization and somatic copulation. The sterility of distant hybrid can be overcome by ovary, ovule and embryo culture, chromosome double. Morphological comparison, isoenzyme analysis, southern cross analysis and DNA molecular mark are used in the identifications and selections of distant hybridization seeds. The research goals in the future and prospects are put forward about the distant cross breeding in rapeseed. |
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| Keywords: | Rapeseed Distant hybridization Breeding |
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