Clinicophysiological Effects of Spinally Administered Ketamine and Its Combination with Xylazine and Medetomidine in Healthy Goats |
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| Authors: | P Kinjavdekar G R SinghAmarpal H P Aithal A M Pawde |
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| Institution: | (1) Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, India |
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| Abstract: | The study was conducted in 9 healthy adult goats of either sex, weighing 15–20 kg, to evaluate and compare the clinicophysiological
effects of spinally administered ketamine alone and in combination with xylazine and medetomidine. Nine trials each of the
three treatments were conducted randomly by injecting ketamine (2.5 mg/kg) (n = 9), ketamine and xylazine (2.5 mg/kg and 0.05 mg/kg) (n = 9) and ketamine and medetomidine (2.5 mg/kg and 10 μg/kg) (n = 9). The drugs were administered at the lumbosacral subarachnoid space under strict aseptic conditions. The treatments were
evaluated on the basis of clinicophysiological, haematological, biochemical and haemodynamic observations. Ketamine produced
mild to moderate analgesia of the hindquarters. Its combination with either xylazine or medetomidine produced complete analgesia
of the hindquarters for 45–60 min. Ataxia was moderate in the ketamine group, whereas animals attained sternal recumbency
in the combination groups. A moderate degree of sedation was recorded in the combination groups. Heart rate and respiratory
rate depression in the combination groups and heart rate and respiratory rate stimulation in ketamine group were recorded.
Haematological parameters decreased in all the groups. Increase in serum glucose, creatinine and urea nitrogen was recorded
in all the groups. Serum electrolytes did not show any significant change. The results showed that the combination of ketamine
with xylazine or medetomidine at these dose rates produced a comparable degrees of analgesia of hindquarters with transient
and minimal cardiopulmonary side effects. |
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| Keywords: | goat ketamine medetomidine spinal xylazine |
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