| 星鸦(Nucifraga caryocatactes)对集中放置红松球果的分散贮藏与临时贮点管理 |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑骄阳 吕鸿达 程鲲 宗诚 |
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| 作者单位： | 东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(31772469)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 星鸦(Nucifraga caryocatactes)对红松种子进行分散贮藏、重取、建立和更新临时贮点,这一过程的研究对丰富贮食行为理论很有意义。2017年10—11月,采用红外相机监测和样方调查的方法,分析凉水国家级自然保护区星鸦对集中堆放红松球果的贮食行为、临时贮点管理以及影响贮点生境选择的主要因素。结果表明:贮藏地星鸦的重取行为比例最高,为(55.42±1.34)%,移动行为占(25.74±6.24)%,贮藏行为占(11.08±2.69)%,且有争斗行为。星鸦贮点大小为(2.39±0.09)粒,密度为(1.82±0.11)个/m^2,贮藏深度为(1.55±0.03)cm。不同生境类型(F=7.471,P<0.05)及基质类型(F=3.205,P<0.05)的贮点密度具有显著差异。贮点数量、贮点更新率最高的是距离食物源最近的人工针叶林样地。贮食距离短、频繁更新贮点、冬季之前全部重取等行为特征,是星鸦对短暂爆发性集中食物源的适应。
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| 关 键 词： | 星鸦 红松种子 分散贮藏 临时贮点 凉水国家级自然保护区 |
The Scatter-Hoarding and Temporary Cache Management of the Spotted Nutcracker(Nucifraga caryocatactes)for Mass Korean Pine Cones |
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| Authors: | ZHENG Jiaoyang LV Hongda CHENG Kun ZONG Cheng |
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| Institution: | (College of Wildlife and Protected Area,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin,150040,China) |
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| Abstract: | Spotted nutcrackers(Nucifraga caryocatactes)disperse and retrieve Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)seeds,then establish and renew temporary caches.The study on this special process is significant to hoarding behavior theory.From October to December 2017,we used infrared camera monitoring technology and quadrat sampling methods to analyze the hoarding behaviors,the temporary cache management to mass pine cones,and the main factors influencing cache habitat selection of spotted nutcrackers in Liangshui National Nature Reserve.Retrieving behavior was most frequent,accounting for 55.4%±1.3%of total time;movement accounted for 25.7%±6.2%,hoarding accounted for 11.1%±2.7%,and fighting was also recorded.The average size of temporary caches was 2.4±0.1 seeds,the cached density was 1.8±0.1 seeds per m^2,and the cached depth was 1.6±0.03 cm.The cached density differed among habitat types(F=7.471,P<0.05),and matrix types(F=3.205,P<0.05).The most caches and the highest renewal rate of caches were found in the artificial coniferous forest sample plots which were closest to the food source.Spotted nutcrackers dispersed pine seeds within short distances,renewed caches frequently and retrieve them before the winter,this hoarding behavior is an adaptation for the temporary burst of concentrated food sources. |
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| Keywords: | Spotted nutcracker(Nucifraga caryocatactes) Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis)seeds Scatter-hoarding Temporary cache Liangshui National Nature Reserve |
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