| 复合硅改性热处理杨木的制备及性能 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘强强,吕文华,石媛,杜浩佳.复合硅改性热处理杨木的制备及性能[J].北京林业大学学报,2021,43(1):136-143. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘强强 吕文华 石媛 杜浩佳 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国林业科学研究院林业新技术研究所，北京 100091 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金重点项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 针对木材树脂改性剂释放甲醛不环保，无机改性材吸湿性高等问题，将廉价易得的硅石粉溶液化，再有机杂化，制得高渗透、环保、防火的水溶性木材复合硅改性剂，通过真空加压浸渍处理和热处理联合改性，可以有效提高木材的物理力学和阻燃等性能。 方法 分别制备硅油复合硅改性剂（SC2）和偶联剂杂化硅改性剂（HS2），对人工林杨木进行浸渍处理，再将浸渍材进行高温热处理，测试分析复合硅改性材及其热处理材的物理力学性能和阻燃性能。 结果 热处理使未处理材和改性材的质量与绝干密度均下降，硅油复合硅改性材（W-SC2）热处理后的质量损失率与绝干密度损失率最大。与W-SC2相比，硅油复合硅改性热处理材（TW-SC2）的吸湿率增大；偶联剂杂化硅改性热处理材（TW-HS2）的吸湿率较偶联剂杂化硅改性材（W-HS2）明显降低，抗吸湿性改善明显。与杨木未处理材（W）相比，各组改性材的力学性能均显著提高，且明显优于TW-SC2。W-HS2的点燃时间比W延迟8 s，火灾指数由0.043 m2s/kW增大至0.140 m2s/kW，TW-HS2的点燃时间比W延后9 s，火灾指数比W-HS2提高了64.3%。与W相比，TW-HS2的总热释放量减小29.4%，热释放速率峰值下降，且第二热释放速率峰值出现时间延后；W-HS2和TW-HS2的总生烟量比W大；HS2浸渍改性联合热处理，可以提升木材阻燃性能。改性材的热降解速率较未处理材降低明显，热稳定性提高，说明HS2改性剂具有明显的促进成炭作用。 结论 以硅石资源为主要原料，有机杂化制得环保、高效的木材复合硅改性剂HS2，通过真空加压浸渍?热处理联合改性工艺，可有效改善人工林杨木的物理力学和阻燃等性能，实现其绿色改性，应用前景广阔。
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| 关 键 词： | 人工林杨木 硅石液化 有机杂化 浸渍改性 阻燃 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-08-31 |
Preparation and properties of heat-treated poplar wood modified with composite silicon modifier |
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| Liu Qiangqiang,Lü Wenhua,Shi Yuan,Du Haojia.Preparation and properties of heat-treated poplar wood modified with composite silicon modifier[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2021,43(1):136-143. |
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| Authors: | Liu Qiangqiang Lü Wenhua Shi Yuan Du Haojia |
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| Institution: | 1.Institute of Forestry New Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China2.Institute of Wood Industry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective]Considering the problems such as formaldehyde emission from wood resin modifier and high hygroscopicity of inorganic material modified wood,the easily available silica powder was used as the main raw material to prepare composite silicon wood modifier,which was water-soluble,high permeable,environmental friendly and fireproof.Through vacuum pressure impregnation and heattreatment,the physical,mechanical and fire retardant properties of woods were effectively improved.Method]Silicone oil composite silicon modifier(SC2)and coupling agent hybrid silicon modifier(HS2) were prepared respectively. Plantation poplar wood was impregnated, then the impregnated wood was heattreatedat a high temperature. The physical, mechanical and fire retardant properties of composite siliconmodified wood and its heat-treated wood were finally tested and analyzed. Result] After heat-treatment,the mass and oven-dry density of all samples decreased, and the oven-dry density loss rate and mass loss rateof heat-treated silicone oil composite silica modified wood (TW-SC2) were the largest. Compared withsilicone oil composite silicon modified wood (W-SC2), the moisture absorption rate of TW-SC2 increased.The moisture absorption rate of the heat-treated coupling agent hybrid silica modified wood (TW-HS2) wassignificantly lower than that of the coupling agent hybrid silicon modified wood (W-HS2), and the moistureabsorption resistance was significantly improved. Compared with the untreated wood (W), the mechanicalproperties of all the modified wood apparently improved, and were better than TW-SC2. The ignition time ofW-HS2 was 8 s later than that of W, its fire performance index increased from 0.043 to 0.140 m2s/kW. Theignition time of TW-HS2 was 9 s later than that of W, and its fire performance index increased by 64.3%compared with W-HS2. Compared with W, the total heat release of TW-HS2 reduced by 29.4%, the peakheat release rate decreased, and the peak time of the second heat release rate was delayed. The total smokerelease of W-HS2 or TW-HS2 was larger than that of W, the HS2 impregnation modification combined withheat-treatment can further promote the flame retardancy of wood. The thermal degradation rate of themodified wood was significantly lower than that of W, and the thermal stability was improved, indicatingthat the HS2 modifier had a significant effect on promoting char formation. Conclusion] Taking silica asraw material, the coupling agent hybrid silicon modifier HS2, which was environmentally friendly and highlyefficient, was prepared through organic hybridization. The combined modification process of vacuumpressure impregnation and heat-treatment can effectively improve the mechanical and fire-retardantproperties of plantation poplar wood, realize green modification with broad application prospects. |
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| Keywords: | poplar plantation wood silica liquefaction organic hybrid impregnation modification flame retardant |
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