| 水稻覆膜灌溉对生态环境的影响研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵静,陈晓飞,席联敏,刘刚,赵小明,杨利,丁良帅.水稻覆膜灌溉对生态环境的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2005,24(3):8-11. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵静 陈晓飞 席联敏 刘刚 赵小明 杨利 丁良帅 |
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| 作者单位： | 沈阳农业大学,辽宁,沈阳,110161;沈阳市水利局,辽宁,沈阳,110101;沈阳市水利局,苏家屯区水利科学试验站,辽宁,沈阳,110101 |
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| 基金项目： | 世行贷款项目(SY00F02027) |
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| 摘 要： | 通过大田试验,与浅湿灌溉(CK1)和浅水灌溉(CK2)相比较研究了覆膜灌溉对水稻生态环境的影响。结果表明,覆膜灌溉条件下稻田空气相对湿度低于CK1和CK2,气温和地温高于CK1和CK2,其中地温的增温幅度在返青期最大,随着水稻叶面积的增加逐渐减少,在所观测的深度范围内(15cm)随着土层深度的增加而增大。覆膜灌溉较CK1、CK2生育进程加快,生育期提前和缩短。抽穗开花期水稻的抵抗力差,若遇低温高湿情况易感染稻瘟病,由于覆膜区水稻抽穗早避免了低温天气,加上覆膜还可以提高空气温度、降低空气湿度,使覆膜区水稻的受病害程度明显降低。覆膜水稻的生长量大(分蘖数、每穗总粒数和千粒重高),其无效分蘖数也较高,因此,建议覆膜水稻要适当稀植以增加成穗率,同时降低成本。覆膜水稻产量较CK1高2.6%,较CK2高5.7%;经济效益较CK1高1.1%,较CK2高6.2%;灌溉水生产率为1.56kg/m3,比CK1高38%,比CK2高95%。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 覆膜灌溉 生态环境 灌溉水生产率 经济效益 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-646X(2005)03-0008-04 |
Study on the Effect of Film-mulched Paddy Irrigation on Ecological Environment |
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| ZHAO Jing,CHEN Xiao-Fei,XI Lian-min,LIU Gang,ZHAO Xiao-ming,YANG Li,DING Liang-shuai.Study on the Effect of Film-mulched Paddy Irrigation on Ecological Environment[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2005,24(3):8-11. |
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| Authors: | ZHAO Jing CHEN Xiao-Fei XI Lian-min LIU Gang ZHAO Xiao-ming YANG Li DING Liang-shuai |
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| Institution: | ZHAO Jing~1,CHEN Xiao-fei~1,XI Lian-min~1,LIU Gang~2,ZHAO Xiao-ming~2,YANG Li~3,DING Liang-shuai~3 |
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| Abstract: | Compared with the paddy irrigation methods of both "shallow to wet" (CK_1) and "shallow water"(CK_2), the ecological environment effects of film-mulched irrigation (FM)in paddy field are studied by field experiments. The results show that, the humidity in paddy field with FM is lower, the air temperature and soil temperature are higher than those both of CK_1 and CK_2. The paddy rice with FM grow obviously more rapid, the beginning of every growing stage advanced and the corresponding duration shortened. In heading stage paddy rice easily infect the disease of rice blast due to the weak resistance when subject to low air temperature and high air humidity. The disease of rice blast with FM is much lighter than CK_1 and CK_2, since the rice with FM bloomed earlier avoiding low temperature period, and the mulched film reduced the air humidity. The biological growing amount with FM is much bigger than CK_1 and CK_2 (more tillers per plant and more grains per panicle), resulted in more ineffective tillers, this suggested that sparse transplant appropriately should be adapted to increase the effective panicle rate and decrease cost. In comparison with both CK_1 and CK_2, FM increased rice yields by 2.6% and 5.7%, economic profits by 1.1% and 6.2%. The water productivity in the paddy field with FM reached 1.56 kg/m~3, which increased by 38% and 95% compared with CK_1 and CK_2 separately. |
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| Keywords: | paddy rice film-mulched irrigation ecological environment water productivity economic profit |
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