| 东北稻区不同秸秆还田模式机具作业效果研究 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 孙妮娜,王晓燕,李洪文,彭显龙,王将,王庆杰.东北稻区不同秸秆还田模式机具作业效果研究[J].农业机械学报,2018,49(S1):68-74，154. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 孙妮娜 王晓燕 李洪文 彭显龙 王将 王庆杰 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学,中国农业大学,中国农业大学,东北农业大学,中国农业大学,中国农业大学 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0300909-03）和教育部创新团队发展计划项目（IRT13039） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 水稻秸秆还田是培肥地力、增产增效的重要方式。东北稻区存在秸秆量大、收获时秸秆含水率低、切碎抛撒难等问题，既影响秸秆还田质量，又进一步影响后期耕整地和插秧作业质量，亟需研究适用于东北稻区的机械化秸秆还田模式，改善秸秆还田和耕整地作业质量，支撑水稻秸秆还田技术的应用。本研究在黑龙江省七星农场开展机械化秸秆还田试验，共设4种模式，即：对照CK（秸秆不还田，秋翻+春搅浆）、还田处理1（秸秆还田，秋翻+春搅浆）、还田处理2（秸秆还田，秋翻、秋旋+春平地）、还田处理3（秸秆还田，秋旋埋+春平地）。试验选取不同模式各作业环节的配套机具，并监测不同模式的秸秆还田和耕整地机具作业效果。2年的试验检测表明，3种秸秆还田模式均能实现秸秆全量还田，并满足水稻插秧前的地表作业要求，能够保证正常的插秧作业和水稻返青。其中，还田处理3的综合还田效果相对最优，能实现较好的地表平整度、泥浆度和植被覆盖率；还田处理2与还田处理1相比，增加秋季旋耕作业，春季改用无动力平地作业，2年的数据尚未显示能显著改善插秧前地表状况。
|
| 关 键 词： | 东北稻区 秸秆还田模式 秸秆全量还田 机具作业效果 水稻返青 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/7/3 0:00:00 |
Performance of Straw Returning Equipment under Different Mechanized Straw Returning Pattern in Northeast Rice Area |
| |
| SUN Nin,WANG Xiaoyan,LI Hongwen,PENG Xianlong,WANG Jiang and WANG Qingjie.Performance of Straw Returning Equipment under Different Mechanized Straw Returning Pattern in Northeast Rice Area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(S1):68-74，154. |
| |
| Authors: | SUN Nin WANG Xiaoyan LI Hongwen PENG Xianlong WANG Jiang and WANG Qingjie |
| |
| Institution: | China Agricultural University,China Agricultural University,China Agricultural University,Northeast Agricultural University,China Agricultural University and China Agricultural University |
| |
| Abstract: | Rice straw returning to the field is an effective way to improve fertility and increase yield. However, the large amount of straw, low water content during harvesting and the difficulty in chopping and scattering all have a negative effects on straw returning, moreover reduce the quality of tillage and transplanting operations in the northeast rice area. It is urgent to investigate a suitable straw returning pattern, improve the quality of straw returning and tillage operations and support the application of rice straw returning technology in the northeast rice area. Aiming to solve these problems, a two-year straw returning experiment was carried out in Qixing Farm in Heilongjiang Province. Four treatments were taken into consideration, including CK (no straw returning, autumn plowing + spring puddling), returning treatment 1 (straw returning, autumn plowing + spring puddling), returning treatment 2 (straw returning, autumn plowing, autumn rotary + spring leveling), and returning treatment 3 (straw returning, autumn rotation buried + spring leveling). Matching equipment was selected for the different patterns and the effects of straw returning and tilling were measured. The two-year experiment showed that all the three straw returning patterns could realize the full amount straw returning, and conditions of soil surface after straw returning could meet the requirement of rice transplanting, in other words it could ensure the quality of rice transplanting and greening up. It could be concluded that returning treatment 3 had a better performance, which meant that it could achieve better surface flatness, slurry degree and vegetation coverage. Two-year experiment results showed that compared with returning treatment 1, treatment 2 did not significantly improve the soil conditions before rice transplanting, although rotation was added in autumn and leveling replaced stirring in spring. |
| |
| Keywords: | northeast rice area straw returning pattern full amount straw returning working performance of equipment rice greening up |
|
| 点击此处可从《农业机械学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《农业机械学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
