| 黄淮冬麦区南片气象因子对不同品种小麦籽粒特性的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 柏军兵,常旭虹,王德梅,杨玉双,王玉娇,郭丹丹,刘哲文,王艳杰,石书兵,赵广才.黄淮冬麦区南片气象因子对不同品种小麦籽粒特性的影响[J].中国农业气象,2022,43(6):474-486. |
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| 作者姓名： | 柏军兵 常旭虹 王德梅 杨玉双 王玉娇 郭丹丹 刘哲文 王艳杰 石书兵 赵广才 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国农业科学院作物科学研究所，北京 100081；2. 新疆农业大学农学院，乌鲁木齐 830052 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0300407）；;国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-3-1-13)； |
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| 摘 要： | 2020/2021年度在黄淮冬麦区南片的4个省份分别设置大田试验，选择周麦18、周麦36及爱民蓝麦1号3个不同品质类型的冬小麦品种，分析比较不同气象因子对3个品种小麦产量及品质的影响。结果表明：不同小麦品种特性和试验点生态环境对小麦籽粒长宽、产量及品质的影响均达到显著水平，其中籽粒长度、株高及产量受环境条件的影响大于品种基因型，而籽粒宽度、产量三要素、籽粒淀粉、蛋白质和纤维素含量受品种基因型的影响大于环境条件。从不同试验点气象因子来看，籽粒长宽和千粒重表现一致，主要受抽穗?灌浆中期水分的正向调控和拔节?成熟期气温的负向调控；株高主要受拔节期水分和气温的正向调控；产量和穗粒数主要受抽穗期水分和气温、灌浆中期水分的正向调控；有效穗数主要受拔节?抽穗期日照时数的正向调控。籽粒淀粉含量受拔节后气温、水分的正向调控，受扬花后期日照时数的负向调控，籽粒蛋白质含量则与其相反，纤维素主要受抽穗?灌浆中期水分的正向调控。综上所述，不同小麦品种特性和试验点生态环境对小麦籽粒长宽、产量及品质均存在显著影响；拔节后的平均气温、总供水量及总日照时数对小麦籽粒表型、产量及品质性状的影响存在差异。
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| 关 键 词： | 气象因子 小麦品种 产量 品质 相关分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-09-07 |
Effects of Meteorological Factors on Grain Characteristics in Different Wheat Varieties in the Southern of Huang-Huai Planting |
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| BAI Jun-bing,CHANG Xu-hong,WANG De-mei,YANG Yu-shuang,WANG Yu-jiao.Effects of Meteorological Factors on Grain Characteristics in Different Wheat Varieties in the Southern of Huang-Huai Planting[J].Chinese Journal of Agrometeorology,2022,43(6):474-486. |
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| Authors: | BAI Jun-bing CHANG Xu-hong WANG De-mei YANG Yu-shuang WANG Yu-jiao |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; 2. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052 |
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| Abstract: | Field experiments were set up in four provinces including the winter wheat planting area of southern Huang-Huai in 2020 and 2021. Zhoumai 18, Zhoumai 36 and Aiminlanmai 1 were selected to reveal the effects of different meteorological factors on the yield and quality of three varieties. The results showed that the effects of different wheat variety characteristics and ecological environment on grain length, width, yield and quality reached a significant level in wheat. The effects of environmental conditions on grain length, plant height and yield were greater than those of variety genotypes, while the effects of variety genotypes on grain width, yield three elements, grain starch, protein and cellulose content were greater than those of environmental conditions. Analysis of meteorological factors from different experimental sites suggested that the performance of length and width of grain and weight 1000 grains were consistent. It showed that these two traits were positively regulated during heading to middle date of grain filling, and the negative regulation of temperature was found from jointing date to maturity date. Plant height was positively regulated by factors of moisture and temperature at jointing date. The yield and number of grains were positively regulated by moisture and temperature at heading date, and moisture at middle date of grain filling. The number of effective panicles was mainly positively regulated by the sunshine hours from jointing to heading date. Starch content of grain was positively regulated by temperature and moisture after jointing date, and negatively regulated by sunshine hours in the late flowering date. However, protein content of grain was negatively regulated by temperature and moisture after jointing date, and positively regulated by sunshine hours in the late flowering date. Cellulose was positively regulated by moisture from heading to mid date of grain filling. In conclusion, the characteristics of different wheat varieties and the ecological environment of the test site had significant effects on grain length, width, yield and quality in wheat. Great effects on wheat grain phenotype, yield and quality traits were observed in the analysis of average temperature, total water supply and total sunshine hours after jointing date. |
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| Keywords: | Meteorological factors Wheat varieties Yield Quality Correlation analysis |
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