| 不同覆盖方式对土壤水肥热状况以及玉米产量影响 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 梅四卫,朱涵珍,王术,杨习文.不同覆盖方式对土壤水肥热状况以及玉米产量影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2020(4):68-73. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 梅四卫 朱涵珍 王术 杨习文 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 沈阳农业大学农学院;河南农业职业学院;河南农业大学农学院 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD07B07-4)。 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 【目的】阐明不同覆盖方式对调节土壤水肥热状况以及增加玉米产量的影响。【方法】设置地膜覆盖、玉米秸秆覆盖和不覆盖3种方式,研究了不同覆盖方式对土壤含水率、土壤养分、土壤温度与玉米产量的影响。【结果】在玉米的生长前、中期,秸秆覆盖与地膜覆盖处理的保墒效果均优于不覆盖处理,其中0~60 cm土层土壤含水率差异明显;玉米进入成熟期后,秸秆覆盖处理0~60 cm土层含水率显著高于地膜覆盖和不覆盖处理,平均高8.23%和22.41%。秸秆覆盖能够促进浅层土壤养分量的提高,相较于不覆盖,秸秆覆盖的速效钾与有效磷量分别增加了15.11%、85.13%;相比地膜覆盖和不覆盖,生长前期秸秆覆盖温度更高,生长期和成熟期秸秆覆盖温度更低。地膜覆盖、秸秆覆盖的玉米产量分别比不覆盖高24.02%、24.90%,差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】玉米秸秆覆盖能够提高土壤养分与水分,调节土壤温度,增加玉米产量。
|
| 关 键 词： | 秸秆覆盖 土壤水分 土壤养分 土壤温度 玉米 产量 |
Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Soil Moisture,Nutrient, Temperature Status and Corn Yield |
| |
| MEI Siwei,ZHU Hanzhen,WANG Shu,YANG Xiwen.Effects of Different Mulching Methods on Soil Moisture,Nutrient, Temperature Status and Corn Yield[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2020(4):68-73. |
| |
| Authors: | MEI Siwei ZHU Hanzhen WANG Shu YANG Xiwen |
| |
| Institution: | (College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Henan Vocational College of Agriculture,Zhengzhou 451450,China;College of Agronomy,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou 450003,China) |
| |
| Abstract: | In China, a lot of straw is produced per year. But the vast majority cannot be used in a reasonable and efficient way. Burning straw is a waste of resources, which pollutes the environment, and causes direct damage to the soil ecosystem, such as decreasing the soil organic microbial levels, which can result in reduced crop yields. In recent years, the practice of returning crop straw to the field has been widespread in winter wheat-summer maize double-cropping system in China. This is mainly due to the increased use of machinery that leaves the crop straw on the land in response to a ban on straw burning made by the Chinese government.【Objective】Plastic film mulching can increase topsoil temperature and prolong the reproductive growth period, which in turn enhances grain yield. However, the increases in both soil water and temperature can change the soil biological characteristics and may negatively impact on soil quality and sustainability. It is known that the release of soil nutrients through decomposition of soil organic matter by microbes plays an important role in soil quality. Therefore, it is necessary to critically examine the effects of straw mulching and plastic film mulching on soil organic matter to assess the changes in soil quality. Soil available potassium content and effective phosphorus content play a crucial role in the soil quality and fertility because it significantly affects soil physical, chemical and biological properties, which can affect crop productivity and agro-ecosystems. Mulching technology can not only improve water use efficiency, regulate soil temperature, and play a role in water conservation and temperature regulation, but also improve soil physical properties, inhibit weeds, reduce the degree of soil salinization and improve the soil microbial environment, and reduce soil erosion to provide suitable water, fertilizer and heat conditions for crop growth, so as to improve crop yield. The effects of different mulching methods on soil water, fertilizer, temperature and maize yield were studied. 【Method】The soil moisture content, soil nutrients, soil temperature and corn yield were measured by using plastic film mulching, non-mulching and corn straw mulching. 【Result】 The results showed that straw mulching and plastic film mulching had better soil moisture preservation effect, both of which were better than non-mulching. The soil layer with more significant difference was the 0~60 cm layer. After the corn entered the mature period, the biggest moisture content in the 0~60 cm soil layer was with straw mulching, which exceed 8.23% and 22.41% averagely compared to those with plastic film mulching and non-mulching. Straw mulching can improve the nutrient content of shallow soil. The content of soil potassium and available phosphorus increased by 15.11% and 85.13% compared with non-mulching. Straw mulching can regulate soil temperature, and the soil temperature with corn straw mulching was higher in primary period of growth and lower in period of growing and mature period. The corn yield of plastic film mulching and corn straw mulching exceed 24.11% and 24.32% compared to that of non-mulching, and the economic yield exceed 23.72% and 24.18%.【Conclusion】 Corn straw mulching can improve soil nutrients and moisture, regulate soil temperature and increase corn yield. |
| |
| Keywords: | straw mulching soil moisture soil nutrient soil temperature corn yield |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 维普 等数据库收录！ |
|
