| 麦长管蚜对小麦产量成分的影响与生态防控 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡想顺,李靖文,彭静凤,赵惠燕,刘同先.麦长管蚜对小麦产量成分的影响与生态防控[J].中国农学通报,2022,38(12):110-118. |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡想顺 李靖文 彭静凤 赵惠燕 刘同先 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北农林科技大学植保学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室/农业部西北黄土高原作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,陕西杨陵 712100 |
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| 基金项目： | 陕西省自然科学基金“小麦抗麦长管蚜的表型与基因型关联分析”(2021JM-085)；;国家自然科学基金“小麦成株期对荻草谷网蚜耐害性的光合补偿机理及GWAS解析”(32172425)；;国家重点研发计划“黄淮海小麦-玉米种植模式区主要病虫害绿色防控技术”(2016YFD0300705)； |
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| 摘 要： | 麦长管蚜（荻草谷网蚜）是中国北方麦田发生范围最广、小麦灌浆期常年需要化学防治的蚜虫种类。麦长管蚜种群田间时空发生发展动态受地理区域、气象因素、天敌、农事操作、农田生物多样性、以及小麦品种抗蚜特异性及生长发育阶段等多种因素的影响。一般年份,麦长管蚜种群发展的时间动态是随春季小麦的生长发育和田间气温的回升,由拔节起身期的零星发生,到孕穗期的快速增长,抽穗后种群数量的急速增加,至灌浆中后期达到高峰,乳熟期急剧下降;空间分布型的动态变化则按随机-核心-聚集（嵌纹）-均匀-聚集（嵌纹）-消失的规律变动。小麦抽穗前受蚜虫为害主要影响穗粒数,但由于田间种群数量小,对产量影响不大;抽穗后蚜虫种群数量增加,主要影响千粒重。本研究提出了针对麦长管蚜的分段生态防控策略,依据麦蚜的为害特点、小麦发育阶段及品种抗/耐蚜特性制定动态防治指标,抽穗前生防为主,防治指标宜严,抽穗后化防为主,防治指标宜宽的建议。同时提出植保无人机结合人工智能自动寻查病虫害发生中心,实时“一喷三防”精准施药的设想。
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| 关 键 词： | 麦长管蚜（荻草谷网蚜） 种群动态 空间分布型 危害 生态防控 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-05-21 |
Grain Aphid Sitobion miscanthi: Damage on Wheat Yield Components and Its Ecological Control |
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| HU Xiangshun,LI Jingwen,PENG Jingfeng,ZHAO Huiyan,LIU Tongxian.Grain Aphid Sitobion miscanthi: Damage on Wheat Yield Components and Its Ecological Control[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2022,38(12):110-118. |
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| Authors: | HU Xiangshun LI Jingwen PENG Jingfeng ZHAO Huiyan LIU Tongxian |
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| Institution: | College of Plant Protection, Northwest A & F University/State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology/Key Laboratory of Northwest Loess Plateau Crop Pest Management of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 |
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| Abstract: | The grain aphid Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi), considered as S. avenae (Fab.) in China, is one of the most widely distributed aphid species which needs chemical control annually in northern China at wheat grain filling stage. The spatial-temporal population dynamics of the grain aphid is affected by geographical area, meteorological factors, natural enemies, agricultural practices, biodiversity, and resistance characteristics of wheat varieties to aphid at different growth stages in field. In general years, the dynamics of aphid population develop with the wheat growing and temperature rise in field. The aphid number has sporadic occurrence at the jointing stage of wheat seedling and cluster occurrence at booting stage, increases rapidly after head sprouting, and reaches the peak at mid-late stage of grain filling, and decreases sharply at milking stage. The aphid spatial distribution pattern follows random distribution - contagious distribution - aggregated distribution (mosaic distribution) - uniform distribution - aggregated distribution (mosaic distribution)- disappearance. The wheat grain number is affected weakly by aphids before wheat head sprouting because the population of aphids is very small in field. But the 1000-grain weight is significantly affected by the aphid as its population increases rapidly during grain filling stage in field. In this paper, an ecological control strategy is proposed for grain aphid. We suggest that the dynamic control index of this pest should be established according to the resistance/tolerance characteristics of wheat varieties to aphid during different growth stages. The priority should be given to the biological control before wheat head sprouting, and the dynamic control index should be strict; the chemical control should be carried out after head sprouting, and the dynamic control index could be loosened. The utilization of plant protection UAV combined with artificial intelligence is also suggested to automatically discover the occurrence center of aphid and other pests/diseases, and to spray pesticides precisely on the occurrence center in wheat field simultaneously. |
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| Keywords: | Sitobion miscanthi population dynamics spatial distribution pattern harm ecological control |
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