| 城市道路林对细颗粒物(PM2.5)的阻滞作用解析 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘浩栋,陈亚静,李清殿,肖茂,郭慧玲,申卫星,谭亚军,李传荣.城市道路林对细颗粒物(PM2.5)的阻滞作用解析[J].浙江农林大学学报,2020,37(3):397-406. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘浩栋 陈亚静 李清殿 肖茂 郭慧玲 申卫星 谭亚军 李传荣 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国林业科学研究院 资源信息研究所，北京 1000912.山东农业大学 山东泰山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站/黄河下游森林培育国家林业和草原局重点实验室，山东 泰安 2710183.邹城市自然资源和规划局，山东 济宁 2735004.泰山风景名胜区管理委员会，山东 泰安 271000 |
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| 基金项目： | “十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD07B06-03)；山东省林业科技创新项目(LYCX07-2018-37)；国家自然科学基金资助项目(31170662) |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 分析细颗粒物(PM2.5)的动态变化格局及城市道路林对其的阻滞作用，并进一步探索何种配置的林带所发挥的防尘抑霾效果最佳。 方法 选取了3种结构共12种配置模式的城市道路林，首先分析了林带内外PM2.5的日动态、年际动态和水平空间的变化规律；然后通过减尘率评价不同模式林带对PM2.5的阻滞作用；最后通过减尘率和小气候因子进行Pearson相关性分析，探讨影响植被减尘率的可能因素。 结果 PM2.5日动态变化呈早晚高中间低的趋势，峰值出现在8:00和18:00，10:00和14:00最低；年动态规律表现为冬季最高，其次是秋季和春季，夏季最低。PM2.5在林带内水平空间中的变化规律因季节不同而有所差异，春夏季节，林缘至林内呈逐渐递减趋势；秋冬季节，林缘至林内25 m处呈递增趋势，在25~30 m处下降且低于林外林缘处。对PM2.5减尘率最高的是乔灌草结构，其次是针阔混交乔木结构，单排乔木结构的减尘率最低；春夏季，12种道路林对PM2.5阻滞率为正值，秋冬季只有A5(针阔混交乔木)、B1~B3(单排乔木)和C2、C3(乔灌草)为正值，其余均为负值。小气候因子与PM2.5关系存在季节差异，PM2.5浓度在春秋冬季与风速呈显著负相关(P＜0.05)，春夏季与温度呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)，秋冬季与相对湿度呈正相关(P＜0.05)；林地PM2.5阻滞率在秋季和温度呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)，在秋冬季和相对湿度呈显著正相关(P＜0.05)，林地阻滞率和风速相关性不显著。 结论 在城市道路林建设中合理增加林带宽度及加大常绿针叶乔木和灌草的比例对于降低PM2.5质量浓度效果显著。图5表6参32
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| 关 键 词： | 细颗粒物(PM2.5) 城市道路林 配置模式 时空变化特征 阻滞作用 小气候因子 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-05-17 |
Analysis of blocking effects of urban roadside forests on PM2.5 |
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| LIU Haodong,CHEN Yajing,LI Qingdian,XIAO Mao,GUO Huiling,SHEN Weixing,TAN Yajun,LI Chuanrong.Analysis of blocking effects of urban roadside forests on PM2.5[J].Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2020,37(3):397-406. |
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| Authors: | LIU Haodong CHEN Yajing LI Qingdian XIAO Mao GUO Huiling SHEN Weixing TAN Yajun LI Chuanrong |
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| Abstract: | Objective The present study is to analyze the dynamic change patterns of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and the blocking effects of urban road forests, and further explore which type of forest belt has the optimal dust and haze control effects. Method Three types of urban road forests with a total of 12 configurations were selected. Firstly, the daily dynamics, interannual dynamics and horizontal spatial variations of PM2.5 in and out of the forest belt were analyzed. Then, the dust reduction rate was used to evaluate the blocking effect of different forest belts on PM2.5. Finally, the Pearson correlation analysis was carried out between the dust reduction rate and microclimate factors to explore the possible factors affecting the dust reduction rate of vegetation. Result The results showed that concentrations of PM2.5 in roadside forests were highest around 8:00 and 18:00 and lowest at 10:00 and 14:00. The annual dynamic pattern indicated the most obvious change in winter (136.74?194.18 μg·m?3), followed by autumn (63.48?104.96 μg·m?3), spring (28.68?36.31 μg·m?3), and summer (13.30?19.13 μg·m?3). The variation of PM2.5 in the horizontal space of the forest belt varies with seasons. In the spring and summer, PM2.5 gradually decreased from the edge of the forest to the interior of the forest, while in the autumn and winter, the dust margin increased at 25 m in the forest, but decreased at 25?30 m and was lower than the outer edge of the forest. The blocking rate of PM2.5 was highest in arbor-shrub-grass structure, followed by mixed conifer and broadleaved forest structure, and lowest in uniform arbor type. In spring and summer, the blocking rate of 12 kinds of roadside forests on PM2.5 was positive, while in autumn and winter only A5 (mixed conifer and broadleaved forest), B1, B2, and B3 (uniform arbor type) and C2 and C3 (arbor-shrub-grass structure) were positive, and the rest were negative. There were seasonal differences between microclimate factors and PM2.5. PM2.5 concentration was negatively correlated with wind speed in spring, autumn and winter, but positively correlated with relative humidity in autumn and winter, as well as temperature in spring and summer. The block rate of PM2.5 in roadside forests showed a significant positive correlation with temperature in autumn and relative humidity in autumn and winter, but had no significant correlation with other microclimate factors. Conclusion The belt width, the proportion of evergreen coniferous trees and shrubs of urban roadside forests should be reasonably increased to reduce PM2.5 and improve air quality. Ch, 5 fig. 6 tab. 32 ref.] |
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