Volatile composition analysis by solid-phase microextraction applied to oak wood used in cooperage (Quercus pyrenaica and Quercus petraea): effect of botanical species and toasting process |
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| Authors: | António M Jordão Jorge M Ricardo-da-Silva Olga Laureano An Adams Jan Demyttenaere Roland Verhé Norbert De Kimpe |
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| Institution: | (1) Laboratório Ferreira Lapa (Sector de Enologia), Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Lisboa, 1349-017, Portugal;(2) Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium;(3) Present address: European Flavour and Fragrance Association (EFFA), Square Marie-Louise 49, Brussels, B-1000, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to investigate the sorption of selected volatile substances from oak wood-chip samples (Quercus pyrenaica Willd. and Quercus petraea L.) subjected to different toasting levels, namely, without toasting, with medium toasting, and with strong toasting, through
the use of solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The main volatile compounds identified as a function of the toasting level
and botanical species were furfural, hexanal, α-pinene, d-limonene, decanal, vitispirane, ethyl hexanoate, cis-3-methyl-γ-octalactone (“oak lactone” or “whisky lactone”), α-terpineol, p-xylene, and nonanal. Considering the data obtained from the toasted woods (medium and strong intensity) in comparison with
those of nontoasted woods, it can be pointed out that the average peak area and the number of compounds identified in the
gas chromatogram decreased during the toasting process. In general, regarding the compounds analyzed, quantitative differences
were found between the two oak wood species under study. High values of volatile compounds were found in Quercus pyrenaica oak wood chips. In addition, for the number of compounds identified in oak wood extracts and directly extracted from solid
oak wood chips by SPME, it is concluded that the best extraction process for volatile compounds from oak wood is the use of
oak wood-chip liquid extracts. |
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| Keywords: | Quercus pyrenaica Quercus petraea Toasting level Solid-phase microextraction Volatile compounds |
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