| 黑土稻田连续深耕改善土壤理化性质提高水稻产量大田试验 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 王秋菊,高中超,张劲松,常本超,姜辉,孙兵,郭中原,贾会彬,焦峰,刘峰.黑土稻田连续深耕改善土壤理化性质提高水稻产量大田试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(9):126-132. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 王秋菊 高中超 张劲松 常本超 姜辉 孙兵 郭中原 贾会彬 焦峰 刘峰 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1. 黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,哈尔滨,150086;2. 黑龙江省农业科学院科研处,哈尔滨,150086;3. 黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,哈尔滨,150086;4. 黑龙江省庆安水利实验站,庆安,152400;5. 黑龙江省农业科学院佳木斯分院,佳木斯,154000;6. 黑龙江八一农垦大学,大庆,163319 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 农业部公益性行业专项（201503118－04）；省自然科学基金（D2015005） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 为了明确深耕对水田土壤理化性质及水稻产量影响,该文在黑土型水稻土上开展深耕研究,应用自主研发的水田深翻犁,开展深翻、浅翻与旋耕大区对比研究。结果表明:浅翻和深翻可以降低土壤固相比率和容重,与旋耕相比,土壤固相比率降低幅度分别为0.74%~4.80%和1.86%~3.90%;10~20 cm土层土壤容重分别下降0.09 g/cm~3和0.08 g/cm~3,20~30 cm土层深翻处理土壤容重比旋耕下降0.03 g/cm~3;10~20 cm土层土壤的通气系数和饱和透水系数浅翻处理比旋耕分别提高4.04倍和2.71倍,深翻提高4.42倍和2.14倍;20~30 cm深翻比旋耕提高1.86倍和2.87倍,2年趋势一致;深翻可使土壤养分指标在各层趋于平均化;深耕可促进水稻根系生长,根系的生长量与根长增加幅度为6.53%~16.33%和10.81%~21.62%,深翻好于浅翻;深耕提高水稻产量,2015年浅翻和深翻处理水稻实测产量分别比旋耕增产6.91%和9.81%,2016年增产6.59%和7.84%,2年增产趋势一致。
|
| 关 键 词： | 土壤 耕作 有机质 深耕 理化性质 根系 养分累积 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/11/28 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/2/24 0:00:00 |
Black-soil paddy field experiment on improving soil physical and chemical properties and increasing rice yield by continuous deep ploughing |
| |
| Wang Qiuju,Gao Zhongchao,Zhang Jinsong,Chang Benchao,Jiang Hui,Sun Bing,Guo Zhongyuan,Jia Huibin,Jiao Feng and Liu Feng.Black-soil paddy field experiment on improving soil physical and chemical properties and increasing rice yield by continuous deep ploughing[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(9):126-132. |
| |
| Authors: | Wang Qiuju Gao Zhongchao Zhang Jinsong Chang Benchao Jiang Hui Sun Bing Guo Zhongyuan Jia Huibin Jiao Feng and Liu Feng |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;,1. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;,1. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;,1. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Environment Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;,2. Management Department of Scientific Research of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;,3. Institute of tillage and cultivation, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;,4. Irrigation experimental establishment of Heilongjiang, Qingan,152400;,5. Jiamusi Branch Academy of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiamusi 154007, China;,6. Heilongjiang Bayi Agriculture university, Daqing, 163319, China; and 2. Management Department of Scientific Research of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China; |
| |
| Abstract: | Abstract: Rice is cultivated in large area in Heilongjiang Province. The area of rice cultivation in Heilongjiang is about 100 thousand hectares. For a long time, rotary or shallow ploughing is the main tillage mode of paddy soil. Rotary tillage depth is usually 8-10 cm, and shallow ploughing is 12-13 cm. Long term shallow ploughing has the following problems. First, it makes plough pan layer move upward, which leads to the shallower tillage layer and the rise of the plow bottom. With the reduction of effective space for roots growth, roots cannot absorb nutrients from deep soil and the soil nutrient supply per unit area will decrease. Second, it easily leads to rice lodging in late growth stage due to the shallow rooting zone. When the roots are hindered by the plough pan layer, they cannot grow vertically and only extend horizontally, which results in a decrease in the ability to support stems. The more roots in the deep soil, the stronger the ability of roots to fix the soil, and the stronger lodging resistance. Shallow ploughing leads to a decrease in the soil nutrient supply per unit area. In order to meet the growth of crops, a large amount of fertilizers have to be applied, especially nitrogen, which can cause late maturing rice, lodging and losses in yield. Third, soil aeration and water permeability are impeded by the plow bottom, the air in the upper and lower soil layers is not in circulation. As long as the soil is in the reduction state, it is easy to form reduced iron, manganese as well as reduced gases such as H2S, which results in rice roots poisoning and a reduction of yield. The results of the survey for rice cultivation in Heilongjiang area showed that the topsoil thickness of high-yield cropland soil is generally 15-17 cm, and the plough layer thickness is 7-8 cm. the medium-yield cropland soil is generally 12-15 cm and 8-10 cm, and low-yield is 8-10 cm and greater than 8-10 cm, respectively. In Honghe farm, long term production practice concluded that the yield of 20 cm deep ploughing was 10% higher than that of 8-10 cm. In order to clarify the effects of deep ploughing on soil physical and chemical properties and rice yield, in this paper, we carried out the research of large area contrast of deep tillage, shallow tillage and rotary tillage by use of the independent developed deep plough of paddy field. The results showed that shallow and deep ploughing can reduce soil solid ratio and bulk density. The soil solid phase ratio was 0.74%-4.80% and 1.86%-3.90% lower than rotary tillage respectively. The soil bulk density respectively decreased by 0.09 g/cm3 and 0.08 g/cm3 in the 10-20 cm soil layer. The soil bulk density of deep ploughing was decreased by 0.03 g/cm3 than that of rotary tillage in the 20-30 cm soil layer. Compared with rotary tillage, the soil permeability coefficient and saturated permeability coefficient of shallow ploughing were increased by 4.04 and 2.71 times in the 10-20 cm soil layer, respectively, those of deep ploughing were 4.42 and 2.14 times, and those of deep ploughing were 1.86 and 2.87 times in the 20-30 cm soil layer. In two years, the change trend of soil aeration coefficient and saturated permeability coefficient was consistent. Deep ploughing can promote the growth of rice roots. The increase of root growth amount and length was 6.53-16.33% and 10.81-21.62%, respectively, and deep ploughing is better than shallow. Deep ploughing increases the yield of rice. In 2015, shallow and deep ploughing in rice yield increased by 6.91% and 9.81%, respectively compared with rotary tillage, and by 6.59% and 7.84% in 2016. The trend of increasing yield was consistent in two years. |
| |
| Keywords: | soil cultivation organic matter deep ploughing physical and chemical properties root nutrient accumulation yield |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
