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| 华北山前平原农田土壤硝态氮淋失与调控研究 | |
| 引用本文： | 李晓欣,马洪斌,胡春胜,张桂杰.华北山前平原农田土壤硝态氮淋失与调控研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(5):1109-1114. |
| 作者姓名： | 李晓欣 马洪斌 胡春胜 张桂杰 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 石家庄 050022 2. 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 石家庄 050022;中国科学院研究生院 北京 100049 3. 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 石家庄 050022;石家庄市环境监测中心 石家庄 050021 |
| 基金项目： | 中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-YW-449)和国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07209-007)资助 |
| 摘 要： | 本文依托中国科学院栾城农业生态系统试验站小麦-玉米一年两熟长期定位试验, 应用土钻取土和土壤溶液取样器取水的方法, 研究了不同农田管理措施下土壤硝态氮的累积变化, 计算了不同氮肥处理通过根系吸收层的硝态氮淋失通量。结果表明, 小麦-玉米生长季土壤硝态氮累积量和淋失量随着施氮量的增加显著增加, 相同氮肥水平下增施磷、钾肥增加了作物的收获氮量, 施磷肥增加的作物收获氮量最高可达123kg·hm-2·a-1, 施钾肥增加的作物收获氮量最高为31 kg·hm-2·a-1。不同灌溉水平下0~400 cm 土体累积硝态氮随着灌溉量的增加而降低, 控制灌溉(小麦季不灌水, 玉米季灌溉1 水)、非充分灌溉(小麦季灌溉2~3 水, 玉米季按需灌溉)、充分灌溉(小麦季灌溉4~5 水, 玉米季按需灌溉)各处理剖面累积硝态氮量分别为1 698 kg·hm-2、1148 kg·hm-2 和961 kg·hm-2。与非充分灌溉和充分灌溉处理相比, 控制灌溉在100~200 cm 土层硝态氮累积量显著高于其他层次, 2003~2005 年间控制灌溉剖面增加的硝态氮量占施肥总量的23%; 非充分灌溉处理剖面增加的硝态氮量占施肥总量的22%; 充分灌溉处理剖面增加的硝态氮量占施肥总量的47%。免耕措施降低了作物产量, 影响土壤水的运移, 增加了硝态氮的淋失风险。根据作物所需降低氮素投入(N 200 kg·hm-2·a-1), 增施磷、钾肥, 控制灌溉量是减少华北山前平原地区硝态氮淋失, 保护地下水的有效措施。 |
| 关 键 词： | 小麦-玉米轮作 硝态氮累积 氮淋失 水量平衡 施肥 灌溉措施 免耕 |
| 收稿时间： | 2011/3/15 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2011/6/14 0:00:00 |
Soil nitrate leaching and control methods in the piedmont of North China Plain |
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| LI Xiao-Xin,MA Hong-Bin,HU Chun-Sheng and ZHANG Gui-Jie.Soil nitrate leaching and control methods in the piedmont of North China Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2011,19(5):1109-1114. | |
| Authors: | LI Xiao-Xin MA Hong-Bin HU Chun-Sheng and ZHANG Gui-Jie |
| Institution: | Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China;Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China;Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China;Shijiazhuang Environmental Monitoring Center, Shijiazhuang 050021, China |
| Abstract: | Soil core and soil water samples were collected in a long-term field experiments to study soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) accumulation and leaching in winter wheat/summer maize double-cropping system under different agricultural management practices in the North China Plain (NCP). The results showed that NO3--N accumulation in the soil profile and NO3--N leaching through the root zone increased with increasing N fertilizer application (P<0.05). Application of P and K fertilizers improved the grain yield and harvested more N in grains. P and K inputs increased the amounts of harvested N in grains by 123 kg·hm-2·a-1 and 31 kg·hm-2·a-1, respectively. Based on the experiment, the amount of irrigation also affected NO3--N accumulation and distribution in the soil profile. The amounts of accumulated NO3--N in the 0~400 cm soil profile significantly decreased with increasing irrigation frequency. Arid irrigation treatment (i.e., no irrigation and one irrigation during winter wheat and summer maize seasons, respectively) produced 1 698 kg(N)·hm-2 of accumulated NO3--N in the 0~400 cm soil profile. This was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of deficient irrigation (i.e., 2~3 irrigations during winter wheat season, irrigation when needed during summer maize season) and sufficient irrigation (i.e., 4~5 irrigations during winter wheat season, irrigation when needed during summer maize season) with accumulated NO3--N in the 0~400 cm soil profile of 1 148 kg(N)·hm-2 and 961 kg(N)·hm-2, respectively. Compared with deficient and sufficient irrigation treatments, accumulated NO3--N in the 100~200 cm soil layer was higher than in the other soil layers under arid irrigation treatment. From 2003~2005, increases in NO3--N in the 0~400 cm soil profile were different among different irrigation treatments. The amounts of fertilizer N left in the soil under arid irrigation, deficient irrigation and sufficient irrigation were 23%, 22% and 47%, respectively. No-tillage decreased grain yield, changed soil water movement and increased water storage in deep soils, which in turn increased the risk of NO3--N leaching. Based on the results, 200 kg·hm-2·a-1 N input with less irrigation and balanced fertilization were the most effective mode that protected groundwater from nitrate pollution in NCP. |
| Keywords: | Wheat-maize rotation Nitrate nitrogen accumulation Nitrogen leaching Water balance Fertilization Irrigation practice No-tillage |
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