Does the system of rice intensification outperform conventional best management?: A synopsis of the empirical record |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, 1123 Bradfield Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;2. Department of Crop & Soil Sciences, 232 Emerson Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;1. Crop and Environmental Sciences Division (CESD), International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Manila, Philippines;2. Center for Development Research (ZEF), Walter-Flex-Straße-3, D-53113 Bonn, Germany;3. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Konrad-Lorenz Str. 24, 3430 Tulln, Austria;4. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), South Asia Regional Office, Kathmandu, Nepal;1. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, DPS Margh, NASC Complex, New Delhi 110012, India;2. International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI), 354, Sector-21, HUDA, Gurgaon 122016, Haryana, India;3. Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125 004, India;4. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, South Asia Regional Office, Kathmandu, Nepal;5. International Plant Nutrition Institute, c/o Crop and Environmental Sciences Division, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila 1301, Philippines;1. China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China;2. Longyang Agricultural Technology Extension Institute, Baoshan 678000, Yunnan, China;1. Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan;2. Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan;3. Engro Fertilizers, Seed Business, Lahore, Pakistan;4. Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman;1. MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China;2. Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China |
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| Abstract: | Irrespective of its influence on agricultural productivity, the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) has certainly increased discussion over optimal rice cultivation practices, with many agricultural development practitioners at odds with a good deal of the established rice research community. To date, much of the debate over the putative benefits of SRI has been theoretical or speculative and has not persuaded adherents on either side. In aggregate, sufficient empirical data now exist to put SRI performance in a meaningful context by evaluating the productivity of SRI with respect to conventional best management practices (BMP). For this retrospective analysis, 40 site-years of SRI versus BMP comparisons were assembled into a common database. In addition to data from Madagascar where SRI was first conceived, findings from a broad geographic region were compiled including studies from Nepal, China, Thailand, Laos, India, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Bangladesh, and the Philippines. Aside from one set of experiments in Madagascar where SRI more than doubled rice productivity with respect to BMP, we found no evidence of a systematic or even occasional yield advantage of this magnitude elsewhere. Indeed, none of the 35 other experimental records demonstrated yield increases that exceeded BMP by more than 22%. Excluding the Madagascar examples, the typical SRI outcome was negative, with 24 of 35 site-years demonstrating inferior yields to best management and a mean performance of −11%. With recognition that SRI yields in Madagascar are substantially beneath productivity levels predicted by bioclimatic factors, we find no evidence in the empirical record that SRI fundamentally changes the physiological yield potential of rice. Exceptional yield advantages from SRI – or some component(s) thereof – should not be projected beyond Madagascar. |
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