Large applications of fertilizer N at planting affects seed protein and oil concentration and yield in the Early Soybean Production System |
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| Institution: | 1. DuPont Pioneer, 1111 25th Street, Pleasantville, IA 50225, United States;2. University of Arkansas, 1366 W. Altheimer Dr., Fayetteville, AR 72704, United States;1. Crop Science Lab, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan;2. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru 502-324, Andhra Pradesh, India;3. United Nations University, 5-53-70 Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-8925, Japan;1. Embrapa Soja, C.P. 231, 86001-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil;2. UNIPAR, Campus Umuarama, 87502-210 Umuarama, PR, Brazil;1. Division of Plant Sciences and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology (NCSB), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA;2. Division of Plant Sciences and NCSB, University of Missouri, Portageville, MO 63873, USA;1. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0915, USA;2. Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA;3. Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA;4. Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7620, USA;5. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Tidewater Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Suffolk, VA, 23437, USA;6. Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA;7. Iowa Soybean Association, Ankeny, IA, 50023, USA;8. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 423 Plant Science Building, Lexington, KY, 40546, USA;9. Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1010, USA;10. Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA;11. Department of Plant Science, University of Tennessee, AgResearch and UT Extension Center, Jackson, TN 38301, USA;12. Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA;13. Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;14. Delta Research and Extension Center, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA;15. Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture, Little Rock, AR, 72204, USA;p. Michigan State University Extension, Allegan, MI, 49010, USA |
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| Abstract: | An inverse relationship between soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed protein and oil concentration is well documented in the literature. A negative correlation between protein and yield is also often reported. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of high rates of N applied at planting on seed protein and oil. Nitrogen was surface-applied at soybean emergence at rates of 290 kg ha?1 in 2002, 310 kg ha?1 in 2003, and 360 kg ha?1 in 2004. Eight cultivars ranging from Maturity Group II–IV were evaluated under the Early Soybean Production System (ESPS). However, not all cultivars were evaluated in all 3 years. Glyphosate herbicide was used in all 3 years and a non-glyphosate herbicide treatment was applied in 2002. Cultivars grown in 2003 were also evaluated under an application of 21.3 kg ha?1 of Mn. All cultivar, herbicide, and Mn treatments were evaluated in irrigated and non-irrigated environments with fertilizer N (PlusN treatment) or without fertilizer N (ZeroN treatment). When analyzed over all management practices (years, cultivars, herbicide, and Mn treatments), the PlusN treatment resulted in a significant decrease in protein concentration (2.7 and 1.9%), an increase in oil concentration (2.2 and 2.7%), and a decrease in the protein/oil ratio (4.7 and 4.6%) for the irrigated and non-irrigated environments, respectively. However, the overall protein and oil yield increased with the application of fertilizer N at planting (protein: 5.0% irrigated, 12.7% non-irrigated and oil: 9.9% irrigated and 18.9% non-irrigated). These increases were due to the increase in seed yield with the application of large amounts of fertilizer at planting. Additionally, a significant correlation (r = 0.45, P = 0.0001) was found between seed protein concentration and seed yield. No significant correlation was found between seed oil concentration and seed yield. The data demonstrate the inverse relationship between protein and oil and indicate that large amounts of N applied at planting do not change this relationship. |
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