Hidden diversity for abiotic and biotic stress tolerances in the primary gene pool of rice revealed by a large backcross breeding program |
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| Institution: | 1. International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines;2. Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 12 South Zhong-Guan-Cun Street, Beijing 100081, China;1. Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CEP 60451-970, Brazil;2. Campus do Litoral Paulista, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP-CLP), São Vicente, CP – 73601 CEP 11380-972, Brazil;3. Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, CEP 91501-970, Brazil;1. Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Division, DA-Philippine Rice Research Institute, Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija 3119, the Philippines;2. Crop Science Cluster, Department of Agronomy, U.P. Los Banos, College, Laguna 4031, the Philippines;3. Department of Agriculture-Southern Cagayan Research Center, Iguig, Cagayan, 3504, the Philippines;1. Division of Crop Improvement, Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India;2. Division of Field crops, Central Island Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar, India;1. Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India;2. Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar 751003, India;3. ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resource Base Center, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha 753006, India;1. Department of Agriculture, The University of Swabi, Swabi, Pakistan;2. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, P.R. China;3. Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan;4. Department of Agricultural Extension, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan;5. College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P.R. China;6. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), Vehari, Pakistan;7. Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | Low and unstable rice productivity in many areas of Asia is associated with many abiotic and biotic stresses such as drought, salinity, anaerobic conditions during germination, submergence, phosphorus and zinc deficiency, etc. To develop rice varieties with tolerance to these stresses, we undertook a large backcross (BC) breeding effort for the last 6 years, using three recurrent elite rice lines and 203 diverse donors, which represent a significant portion of the genetic diversity in the primary gene pool of rice. Significant progress has been made in the BC breeding program, which resulted in development of large numbers of introgression lines with improved tolerance to these stresses. Promising lines have been developed with excellent tolerances (extreme phenotypes) to salinity, submergence and zinc deficiency; resistance to brown plant hopper, ability to germinate under the anaerobic condition and low temperature. Our results indicated that there exist tremendous amounts of ‘hidden’ diversity for abiotic and biotic stress tolerances in the primary gene pool of rice. Furthermore, we demonstrated that despite the complex genetics and diverse physiological mechanisms underlying the abiotic stress tolerances, introgression of genes from a diverse source of donors into elite genetic backgrounds through BC breeding and efficient selection (careful screening under severe stress) is a powerful way to exploit this hidden diversity for improving abiotic stress tolerances of rice. We have developed three large sets of introgression lines, which not only provide an unique platform of breeding materials for developing new rice cultivars with superior yield and stability by trait/gene pyramiding, but also represent unique genetic stocks for a large-scale discovery of genes/alleles underlying the abiotic and biotic stress tolerances of rice using genomic tools. |
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