| 野生大豆(Glycine soja)YD63和栽培大豆(Glycine max)ZD19茎秆解剖结构比较解析 |
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| 引用本文： | 要燕杰,油清波,赵 为,郭 葳,沈欣杰,李 祥,张永兴,周 蓉,赵 剑,周新安,矫永庆.野生大豆(Glycine soja)YD63和栽培大豆(Glycine max)ZD19茎秆解剖结构比较解析[J].中国油料作物学报,2018,40(2):199. |
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| 作者姓名： | 要燕杰 油清波 赵 为 郭 葳 沈欣杰 李 祥 张永兴 周 蓉 赵 剑 周新安 矫永庆 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业科学院油料作物研究所，农业部油料作物生物学与遗传发育重点实验室，湖北 武汉，430062；
2.中国农业科学院研究生院，北京 100081；3.华中农业大学植物科学技术学院，湖北 武汉，430070 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（31371654，31522042，31501334和31501665）；湖北省自然科学基金（2016CFA049）；
中国农业科学院科技创新工程和基本科研业务费 |
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| 摘 要： | 以野生大豆YD63和栽培大豆ZD19为研究对象，通过组织化学方法观察茎秆解剖结构的差异，并进一步分析和阐述这些解剖结构与功能和环境适应性间的关系，旨在为大豆抗逆性研究提供解剖学依据。结果表明：1）野生大豆表皮毛和腺毛多于栽培大豆，且角质层厚度、表皮厚度和表皮比例均大于栽培大豆，表皮和外皮层细胞的木质化和木栓化程度也高于栽培大豆；2）野生大豆皮层、韧皮部、木薄壁组织和髓的比例均大于栽培大豆，茎秆机械强度降低，可塑性升高，抗逆性增强；3）栽培大豆木质部、木纤维和总纤维比例均大于野生大豆，并且表皮细胞壁厚度、韧皮纤维壁厚度、木纤维壁和导管壁厚度均大于野生大豆。栽培大豆组织木质化的比例大于野生大豆，茎秆的机械强度升高，可以更好地维持直立生长和形态构建；4）栽培大豆微管形成层的细胞层数和厚度均大于野生大豆。栽培大豆木质部的比例大于韧皮部的比例，而野生大豆两者比例基本相同；5.）野生大豆韧皮部厚壁组织几乎是连续分布，仅在髓射线处中断，而栽培大豆是不连续的，呈片状分布，野生大豆韧皮部厚壁组织的比例大于栽培大豆；6）野生大豆导管壁强度(t/b)2和小导管比例大于栽培大豆，水分运输的安全性较高，但野生大豆木质部的连通性和水分运输的效率低于栽培大豆。本研究较系统地比较了野生大豆YD63和栽培大豆ZD19茎秆解剖结构特点，可为大豆抗性遗传改良提供解剖学依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 野生大豆 栽培大豆 解剖结构 进化 抗性 |
Comparison and analysis of stem anatomical structure between wild soybean YD63 (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean ZD19 (G. max) |
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| YAO Yan-jie,YOU Qing-bo,ZHAO Wei,GUO Wei,SHEN Xin-jie,LI Xiang,ZHANG Yong-xing,ZHOU Rong,ZHAO Jian,ZHOU Xin-an,JIAO Yong-qing.Comparison and analysis of stem anatomical structure between wild soybean YD63 (Glycine soja) and cultivated soybean ZD19 (G. max)[J].Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2018,40(2):199. |
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| Authors: | YAO Yan-jie YOU Qing-bo ZHAO Wei GUO Wei SHEN Xin-jie LI Xiang ZHANG Yong-xing ZHOU Rong ZHAO Jian ZHOU Xin-an JIAO Yong-qing |
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| Institution: | 1. Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430062, China; 2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; 3. College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China |
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| Abstract: | The anatomical differences of stem between a wild soybean and a soybean cultivar were observed using histochemical methods. The relationships among anatomical structure, function, and environmental adaptability were analyzed to understand soybean evolution and stress resistance. The main results are: 1. Wild soybean had more stalk epidermal hairs and glandular trichomes, thicker cuticle and epidermis, and greater epidermal proportion than the cultivated one. Higher lignification and suberification degrees of wild soybean epidermis and exodermis were observed. 2. Wild soybeans had greater proportion of cortex, phloem, xylem parenchyma and pith. With the greater proportion of parenchyma in stalks, wild soybean showed better stress resistance. Due to the larger and thinner cell-wall of parenchyma cells, the strength of wild soybean stalks decreased and the plasticity increased. 3. Compared with wild soybean, the cultivated soybean stems showed greater mechanical strength owing to its greater proportion of lignified tissues and thicker cell wall of epidermis, phloem fiber, xylem fiber and vessels. It is better at maintaining upright growth and morphology construction. 4. The cultivated soybean had greater number of cell layer and thickness of vascular cambium than those of the wild one. Faster growing rate of xylem in cultivated soybeans and equal rate in wild ones resulted in more xylem in former stalks and almost equal proportion of xylem and phloem in later one. 5. The phloem sclerenchyma of wild soybean almost continuously distributed, interrupted only in the pith ray, while that in cultivated ones showed flaky distribution. And its proportion was much larger than that of cultivated soybeans. 6. With stronger wall strength (t/b)2, greater proportion of small vessels and lower connectivity in xylem, wild soybean stems had higher safety and lower efficiency of water transportation. In summary, this research provided an anatomical basis for its application in further evolution and genetic improvement of resistance. |
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| Keywords: | wild soybean (Glycine soja Sieb et Zucc ) cultivated soybean (Glycine max (L ) Merr ) anatomy evolution resistance |
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