| 我国农业面源污染现状及草类植物在污染治理中的应用 |
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| 引用本文： | 钟珍梅,黄毅斌,李艳春,黄秀声,陈钟佃,冯德庆.我国农业面源污染现状及草类植物在污染治理中的应用[J].草业科学,2017,34(2). |
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| 作者姓名： | 钟珍梅 黄毅斌 李艳春 黄秀声 陈钟佃 冯德庆 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 福建省农业科学院农业生态研究所,福建 福州,350003;2. 福建省丘陵地区循环农业工程技术研究中心,福建 福州,305003 |
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| 基金项目： | 福建省公益类科研院所基本科研专项，福建省农科院英才计划课题 |
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| 摘 要： | 以高投入、高产出、高排放为特征的现代农业在带来巨大经济效益的同时,也带来了一系列的环境问题。本文根据中国统计年鉴及中国农村统计年鉴的数据分析了我国由化肥、农药、养殖废弃物等产生的农业污染现状。结果表明,从改革开放至今,我国化肥施用量呈逐年递增趋势,其中,2014年化肥施用量同比增加了578.27%,2013年单位耕地施肥量同比增加了391.78%;2012年农药施用量同比增加了1.5倍;同时随着养殖业的迅猛发展,废弃物排放量也逐年递增。针对污染现状,本文列举了目前常用于治理农业污染的草类植物,并探讨推行以草本植物为主的生态沟渠、草皮缓冲带和人工湿地治理面源污染的草业生态模式,提出在面源污染治理中草类植物的选择原则,建议构建循环农业生态模式用于治理面源污染,旨在为农业环境污染治理提供科学依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业面源污染 化肥 养殖废弃物 草类植物 循环农业模式 |
Current state of agricultural environmental pollution and herbaceous plants used in controlling pollution in China |
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| Zhong Zhen-mei,Huang Yi-bin,Li Yan-chun,Huang Xiu-Sheng,Chen Zhong-dian,Feng De-qing.Current state of agricultural environmental pollution and herbaceous plants used in controlling pollution in China[J].Pratacultural Science,2017,34(2). |
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| Authors: | Zhong Zhen-mei Huang Yi-bin Li Yan-chun Huang Xiu-Sheng Chen Zhong-dian Feng De-qing |
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| Abstract: | The development of modern agriculture with characteristically high input, output, and emissions in China has created considerable economic benefits since the Reform and Opening;however, it has also created numerous environmental problems.In this study, we analyzed the status of environmental pollution caused by fertilizers, pesticides, and farming waste.The results indicated there was an annual increase in the use of fertilizers and pesticides in China.Specifically, the quantity of chemical fertilizer being used increased by 578.3% in 2014 compared with that in 1978.In addition, the use of fertilizers on units of arable land also increased by 391.78% in 2013 compared with that in 1980.Moreover, the amount of pesticides used in 2012 increased 1.5 times compared with the amounts used in 1978.At the same time, farming waste discharged has increased annually with the rapid development of aquaculture.This present study was focused on herbaceous plant species that have the potential to be used to control agricultural pollution.We analyzed their grass ecological mode including ecological ditches, grass buffer strips, and artificial wetlands to control agricultural non-point pollution.We proposed that the selection of the principle of grasses in pollution control would be a good strategy, and suggested that building a cycle agricultural mode for controlling non-point pollution would be expedient.The main aim of this study was to provide a scientific basis for agricultural non-point pollution. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural environmental pollution fertilizer farming wastes herbaceous plant cycle agricultural mode |
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