| 黑土区治理后侵蚀沟道融雪侵蚀观测研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡伟,樊华,李浩,翟星雨,张兴义.黑土区治理后侵蚀沟道融雪侵蚀观测研究[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):84-90. |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡伟 樊华 李浩 翟星雨 张兴义 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土区农业生态院重点实验室;黑龙江省水土保持科学研究院;东北农业大学资源与环境学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0504200）；国家自然科学基金项目（41701313） |
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| 摘 要： | 融雪侵蚀是季节性积雪区水土流失的重要组成部分,融雪作用对侵蚀沟发育的影响对侵蚀沟防治有重要意义。通过野外实地监测和测量,对东北黑土区治理后侵蚀沟融雪侵蚀过程及沟坡细沟形态特征进行分析,探讨水土保持措施对融雪侵蚀的防控效果。结果表明:除侵蚀沟G2未产流外,侵蚀沟G1和G3在融雪中期径流率和泥沙含量明显高于融雪末期和融雪初期。融雪径流率和泥沙含量的日动态变化过程均呈先增加后下降的趋势。融雪期3条侵蚀沟沟坡细沟平均宽度变幅为6.7~9.4cm,平均深度变幅为3.3~4.3cm。阳坡出现细沟的条数,细沟密度,细沟割裂度,平均细沟复杂度和细沟侵蚀平均深度明显高于阴坡,说明阳坡的破碎程度及细沟侵蚀程度大于阴坡。细沟主要以宽浅槽型为主,宽深比为1.91~2.18。水土保持措施在融雪期间作用明显,侵蚀沟G2水土保持措施的拦水拦沙效果达到100%,侵蚀沟G1和G3大部分融雪侵蚀的泥沙也在沟道内沉积。
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| 关 键 词： | 融雪侵蚀 冻融作用 细沟侵蚀 细沟形态 东北黑土区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/5/15 0:00:00 |
Snowmelt Erosion Characteristics of Controlled Gully in Black Soil Region |
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| HU Wei,FAN Hu,LI Hao,ZHAI Xingyu,ZHANG Xingyi.Snowmelt Erosion Characteristics of Controlled Gully in Black Soil Region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,32(5):84-90. |
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| Authors: | HU Wei FAN Hu LI Hao ZHAI Xingyu ZHANG Xingyi |
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| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081;2. Heilongjiang Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Science, Harbin 150070;3. School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030 |
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| Abstract: | Snowmelt erosion is an important part of soil and water loss in seasonal snow cover area. It is important for preventing and controlling erosion gully to understand the effect of snowmelt on gully development. Based on the field observation and measurement, snowmelt erosion processes and rill erosion morphology of gully slope were analyzed in the northeast black soil area, and the prevention and control effect of soil and water conservation measures on snowmelt erosion was investigated. The results showed that there was no runoff in G2, and the runoff rate and sediment concentration of G1 and G3 in middle stage of snowmelt period was greater than those in last stage and initial stage of snowmelt. The daily dynamic changes of runoff rate and sediment concentration were both increased first then decreased. During the snowmelt period, for the three gullies, mean rill width was ranged from 6.7 to 9.4 cm, mean rill depth was ranged from 3.3 to 4.3 cm. The number of rill, rill density, degree of rill dissection, rill tortuosity complexity and average rill erosion depth on sunny slope were all greater than those on shady slope, which indicated that the degree of rupture and rill erosion on sunny slope was greater than that on shady slope. The rill was dominated by type of wide-shallow, and the ratio of width to depth was ranged form 1.91 to 2.18. Effect of soil and water conservation measures was obvious during snowmelt period. The benefits of soil and water conservation measures on water and sediment blocking in erosion gully G2 was 100%, and for G1 and G3, most of the sediment eroded by snowmelt was also deposited in the gully. |
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| Keywords: | snowmelt erosion freezing and thawing rill erosion rill morphology black soil region of Northeast China |
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