| 基于秸秆还田条件下辽北地区适宜耕作方式及施肥量研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐嘉翼,牛世伟,安景文,王娜,崔远鸿.基于秸秆还田条件下辽北地区适宜耕作方式及施肥量研究[J].玉米科学,2018,26(5):102-109. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐嘉翼 牛世伟 安景文 王娜 崔远鸿 |
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| 作者单位： | 辽宁省农业科学院植物营养与环境资源研究所;辽宁省科技创新体系服务中心 |
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| 基金项目： | "北方旱地合理耕层构建技术及配套耕作机具研究与示范"（201303130） |
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| 摘 要： | 通过两年田间小区试验,在秸秆还田条件下,设不同耕作方式(旋耕、翻压和免耕)和还田周期(连年和隔年),研究不同秸秆还田模式和施肥量对土壤理化性质和玉米产量的影响。结果表明,与常规种植不还田相比,翻压还田处理显著降低耕层土壤容重,免耕还田处理显著增加耕层土壤含水率,秸秆还田提高土壤有机质、氮、磷、钾养分含量。连年翻压还田处理玉米穗部性状最优,子粒产量最高;其次为免耕还田处理,旋耕还田处理不利于玉米产量的提高。在同等氮肥施用水平下,秸秆还田处理使玉米产量显著提高,在此基础上增加氮肥投入量并未带来显著增产效应。相同秸秆还田条件下,减施50%钾肥处理的玉米子粒产量无显著变化。在辽北地区,秸秆还田配合翻压、免耕耕作措施能够改善土壤理化形状,有利于玉米稳产高产,连年翻压还田对玉米增产效应最理想,且秸秆还田配合适宜的化肥减量措施不仅能保证作物产量,可降低养分流失污染环境的风险。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 秸秆还田 耕作方式 施肥量 辽北地区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/1/29 0:00:00 |
Study on Soil Tillage Type and Fertilizer Amount Based on Straw Incorporation in the North of Liaoning |
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| XU Jia-yi,NIU Si-wei,AN Jing-wen,WANG Na and CUI Yuan-hong.Study on Soil Tillage Type and Fertilizer Amount Based on Straw Incorporation in the North of Liaoning[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2018,26(5):102-109. |
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| Authors: | XU Jia-yi NIU Si-wei AN Jing-wen WANG Na and CUI Yuan-hong |
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| Institution: | Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161,Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161,Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161,Institute of Plant Nutrient and Environmental Resources, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161 and Liaoning Science and Technology Innovation System Service Center, Shengyang 110004, China |
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| Abstract: | The study was to determine the effects of tillage and fertilizer application amount and interval on soil properties and maize yield based on straw incorporation (SI). Field experiment was conducted in the north of Liaoning, China from 2014 to 2016, CK and the other 6 treatments involved two SI and three tillage ways were as follows:CK, general tillage without SI; RTS1, rotary-tillage, SI once a year; RTS2, rotary-tillage, SI once every other year; DTS1, deep-ploughing, SI once a year; DTS1, deep-ploughing, SI once every other year; NTS1, no-tillage, SI once a year; no-tillage, SI once every other year. Compared with CK, the other treatments all improved the content of soil nutrition (organic matter, N, P, and K), with deep-ploughing decreasing soil bulk density (P<0.05) and no-tillage significantly increasing soil water content (P<0.05). In addition, DTS1 obtained the most excellent ear traits and the best yield among all treatments, followed by NTS1, but rotary-tillage had not effect on maize yield. Under equal N level, SI significantly improved maize yield (P<0.05), indicating that SI combined with higher N amount would increase maize yield obviously. While under one type of SI, 50% less K amount had not significantly effect on maize yield. In the north of Liaoning, SI, especially, SI every year combined with deep-or no-tillage method was benefit for improving soil property and maize yield, and SI coupled with less fertilizer amount not only kept higher maize yield but also reduced environment pollution resulted from excessive fertilizer. |
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| Keywords: | Maize Straw incorporation Soil tillage Fertilizer application The north of Liaoning |
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