| 三峡地区玉米降水生产潜力及适宜开发研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 艾训儒,姚兰,易咏梅,王柏泉.三峡地区玉米降水生产潜力及适宜开发研究[J].玉米科学,2010,18(5):131-136. |
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| 作者姓名： | 艾训儒 姚兰 易咏梅 王柏泉 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖北民族学院生物科学与技术学院,湖北恩施,445000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD29B01) |
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| 摘 要： | 对三峡地区玉米降水生产潜力及适宜开发度进行研究。结果表明:在玉米全生育期,自然降水总量的41.9%用于农田蒸散。坡地与平地相比,坡地地表径流量占降水总量的28.3%,平地地表径流量占降水总量的12.3%;耗水系数平均为0.136mm/(kg·hm2),比平地低0.007mm/(kg·hm2)。影响玉米降水生产潜力的主要障碍因子是施肥水平、降水量和土壤侵蚀。随着施肥水平的提高,降水生产潜力增大,且施肥水平对坡地降水生产潜力的影响比平地更加明显;水土流失增加,降水生产潜力降低,降水量对降水生产潜力的贡献值为-3.135kg/(mm·hm2),即每减少降水量1mm,坡地降水生产潜力平均下降3.135kg/hm2。在现有技术、土壤、投入水平及管理条件下,三峡地区大田玉米降水生产潜力开发程度(MKD)较低,坡地约60%～65%,平地约65%～70%。坡地玉米降水生产潜力适宜开发度(SKD)可达80%,平地可达90%。可开发程度(KKD)坡地平均为17.5%、平地平均为17.9%,平地降水生产潜力可开发程度比坡地稍大。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 降水 生产潜力 三峡地区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2009/11/6 0:00:00 |
Research on Rainfall Productive Potential and Moderate Development of Maize in the Fields of Three Gorges Area |
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| AI Xun-ru,YAO Lan,YI Yong-mei,WANG Bo-quan.Research on Rainfall Productive Potential and Moderate Development of Maize in the Fields of Three Gorges Area[J].Journal of Maize Sciences,2010,18(5):131-136. |
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| Authors: | AI Xun-ru YAO Lan YI Yong-mei WANG Bo-quan |
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| Abstract: | The results of research on the rainfall productive potential and moderate development of maize in the fields of Three Gorges area were that in the whole growth period of the maize, 41.9% of the total natural precipitation was for evapotranspiration of farmland, compared with the flat fields, the surface runoff of the sloping fields accounted for 28.3% of the total precipitation, which was 12.3% of the flat fields. The average efficiency of soil moisture consumption was 0.136 mm/(kg·ha), which was 0.007 mm/(kg·ha) less than that of the flat fields. The main impedimental factors affecting the rainfall productive potential were fertilizer application level, precipitation and soil erosion. With improvement of the fertilizer application level, the rainfall productive potential enhanced accordingly. The effect of fertilizer application level on the rainfall productive potential in the sloping fields was more remarkable than that in the flat fields. With the water and soil loss increasing, the rainfall productive potential decreases. The contribution of the precipitation to the rainfall productive potential was -3.135 kg/(mm·ha), that was, when the precipitation decreased by 1mm, the rainfall productive potential in the sloping fields decreased by 3.135 kg/ha. In the conditions of existing technology, soil, input level and management, the development(MKD) of rainfall productive potential of maize in the area of Three Gorges was low. It was about 60% - 65% in the sloping fields and about 65% - 70% in the flat fields. The suitable development(SKD) of rainfall productive potential of maize in the sloping fields could reach 80% and it could reach 90% in the flat fields. The KKD in the sloping fields was 17.5% and 17.9% in the flat fields, which showed the rainfall productive potential in the flat fields was greater than that of the sloping fields. |
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