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| 水肥一体化技术对不同生态区果园苹果生产的影响 | |
| 引用本文： | 路永莉,白凤华,杨宪龙,李 茹,高义民,同延安.水肥一体化技术对不同生态区果园苹果生产的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(11):1281-1288. |
| 作者姓名： | 路永莉 白凤华 杨宪龙 李 茹 高义民 同延安 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 西北农林科技大学资源环境学院 杨凌 712100; 农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室 杨凌 712100 2. 河北省丰宁满族自治县林业局 丰宁 068350 3. 陕西省土壤肥料工作站 西安 710003 |
| 基金项目： | 国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)项目资助 |
| 摘 要： | 为探究水肥一体化技术对陕西省不同生态区苹果生产的影响,分别选取渭北旱塬区和关中平原区典型‘红富士’苹果园,研究了相同肥料用量的NPK传统施肥NPK(C)]、NPK水肥NPK(F)]和肥料用量减半的NPK水肥1/2NPK(F)]对苹果产量、品质、肥料利用效率、果实养分吸收和果园经济效益的影响。结果表明,因不同生态区环境条件和果园自身土壤和肥力等存在差异,水肥一体化技术对苹果生产的影响也不同。渭北旱塬区果园,与NPK(C)相比,NPK(F)处理苹果增产13.0%,果实硬度增加10.6%,糖酸比提高19.1%,化肥偏生产力(PFP)由18.2 kg·kg?1提高至36.3 kg·kg?1,果实N、P和K养分吸收量分别增加36.0%、75.3%和44.8%;1/2NPK(F)处理对苹果生产的影响基本不显著。关中平原区果园,与NPK(C)相比,1/2NPK(F)使苹果增产26.2%,糖酸比提高16.9%,PFP从27.2 kg·kg?1提高至68.7 kg·kg?1,果实N、P和K养分吸收量分别增加41.8%、98.9%和58.9%;然而,NPK(F)处理苹果仅增产14.1%,果实养分吸收无显著增加,品质亦无明显改善。经济收益方面,在相同肥料用量下,采用水肥一体化技术可使渭北旱塬区和关中平原区果园分别增收1.55万元·hm?2和3.65万元·hm?2;当肥料用量减半时,收益增加分别为0.21万元·hm?2和7.28万元·hm?2。总体而言,在陕西渭北旱塬区和关中平原区果园采用水肥一体化技术均能显著提高苹果产量和改善品质,但其效果存在明显差异,实践中需因地制宜,根据果园实际情况,采用适宜的水肥用量以求达到高产、高效和优质的目标。 |
| 关 键 词： | 陕西省 生态区 水肥一体化 水果产量品质 养分吸收 经济效益 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/3/13 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 6/5/2014 12:00:00 AM |
Effect of fertigation on apple production in different ecological-regions orchards |
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| LU Yongli,BAI Fenghu,YANG Xianlong,LI Ru,GAO Yimin and TONG Yan''an.Effect of fertigation on apple production in different ecological-regions orchards[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(11):1281-1288. | |
| Authors: | LU Yongli BAI Fenghu YANG Xianlong LI Ru GAO Yimin and TONG Yan'an |
| Institution: | 1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China 2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China;Fengning Forest Bureau of Manchu Autonomous County, Hebei Province, Fengning 068350, China;1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China 2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China;Soil and Fertilizer Station of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710003, China;1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China 2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China;1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China 2. Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, China |
| Abstract: | In order to explore the effects of fertigation on 'Fuji' apple production in different ecological regions of Shaanxi Province, two field experiments (each with three treatments) were conducted simultaneously in Weibei Dry-land and Guanzhong Plain. The treatments consisted of conventional fertilization treatment NPK(C)] and fertigation treatment NPK(F)] using the same fertilizer rates as the conventional treatment, and half-dose fertigation treatment 1/2NPK(F)] using 50% of fertilizer rates of the conventional treatment. The yield, fruit quality, fruit nutrient uptake, fertilizer utilization and economic benefits of apple were then determined and evaluated. The results showed that due to the differences in ecological conditions, soil types and fertility levels of orchards in different ecological regions, the fertigation effects on apple production were obviously distinct. In contrast with NPK(C) treatment, NPK(F) treatment increased apple yield by 13.0%, fruit firmness by 10.6%, sugar acid ratio by 19.1%, and apple fruit uptake of N, P and K nutrients respectively by 36.0%, 75.3% and 44.8% in apple orchards in Weibei dry-land. In addition, partial factor productivity (PFP) increased from 18.2 kg·kg-1 to 36.3 kg·kg-1 under NPK(F). However, no significant increases were noted in apple yield, fruit quality and fruit nutrient uptake under 1/2NPK(F) treatment in Weibei Dry-land. In orchards in Guanzhong Plain, apple yield under 1/2NPK(F) treatment increased by 26.2% and apple fruit uptake of N, P and K nutrients increased respectively by 41.8%, 98.9% and 58.9%, compared those under NPK(C) treatment. Meanwhile, PFP increased from 27.2 kg·kg-1 to 68.7 kg·kg-1. However, the increment in apple yield under NPK(F) treatment was merely 14.1%, the changes in fruit nutrients uptake were insignificant. As for the economic benefits, in comparison with NPK(C) treatment, NPK(F) treatment enhanced economic benefits by 15 500 Yuan·hm-2 for orchards in Weibei Dry-land and 36 500 Yuan·hm-2 for orchards in Guanzhong Plain. Economic benefits under 1/2NPK(F) treatment were increased by 2 100 Yuan·hm-2 for orchards in Weibei Dry-land and 72 800 Yuan·hm-2 for orchards in Guanzhong Plain, compared with those under NPK(C) treatment. In conclusion, fertigation management significantly increased yield and fruit quality of apple orchards in different ecological regions in Shaanxi Province. However, the effectiveness of fertigation management differed apparently due to differences in ecological conditions in different regions. Therefore, the use of optimal fertilizer application rates in fertigation management was strongly recommended. The specific conditions of orchards formed the basis of optimal fertilizer application rates for high yields, fruit qualities, fertilizer use efficiencies and economic benefits. |
| Keywords: | Shaanxi Province Ecological region Fertigation Fruit yield and quality Nutrient uptake Economic benefit |
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