| 不同施肥水平对冬小麦群体动态和产量形成的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈毓君,陈黎岭,同延安,杨宪龙,王少杰,马海洋,梁连友.不同施肥水平对冬小麦群体动态和产量形成的影响[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(4):47-53. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈毓君 陈黎岭 同延安 杨宪龙 王少杰 马海洋 梁连友 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北农林科技大学 资源环境学院,陕西杨凌,712100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目，西北农林科技大学"创新团队建设计划"项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过田间试验,研究不同施肥水平对冬小麦生育期群体数量、地上部养分和干物质累积、产量以及肥料利用率的影响。结果表明,氮磷钾配施在中肥以上水平可显著提高产量,但高肥与中肥相比增产不显著,说明中肥施用量较适宜,产量达6 927.1kg/hm2,比农民习惯施肥量增产13.4%,施有机肥处理可达10 443.7kg/hm2的超高产水平,比高肥增产49.1%;生育期群体数量、养分和干物质累积量大体随施肥水平提高而提高,中肥、高肥和施有机肥处理的成穗数分别为539.2、599.2和891.7万/hm2,三者间差异显著,成熟期干物质累积量则分别为15 254.1、15 600.8和26 026.2kg/hm2,施有机肥处理显著大于高肥和中肥处理;氮磷钾配施可显著提高肥料利用率,以中肥最高,N和P肥利用率分别为44.5%和24.7%,农民习惯施肥量仅为15.9%和3.7%,施有机肥处理可达71.8%和40.2%。综合来看,陕西关中地区冬小麦在只施化肥的情况下,N、P2O5、K2O适宜用量分别为180、120、75kg/hm2(目标产量7 000kg/hm2);在基施干牛粪20 000kg/hm2情况下,施N、P2O5、K2O分别为240、150、120kg/hm2,可获得超高产(目标产量10 500kg/hm2)。
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| 关 键 词： | 冬小麦 产量 施肥 群体数量 干物质累积 养分累积 |
Effect of Different Fertilizer Levels on Population Dynamics and Grain Yield Formation of Winter Wheat |
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| CHEN Yujun,TRAN Lelinh,TONG Yanan,YANG Xianlong,WANG Shaojie,MA Haiyang and LIANG Lianyou.Effect of Different Fertilizer Levels on Population Dynamics and Grain Yield Formation of Winter Wheat[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2012,21(4):47-53. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Yujun TRAN Lelinh TONG Yanan YANG Xianlong WANG Shaojie MA Haiyang and LIANG Lianyou |
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| Institution: | (College of Resource and Environment Science,Northwest A&F University,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China) |
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| Abstract: | One-year field experiment from 2010 to 2011 was conducted to study yield,culms,shoot nutrients and dry matter accumulation at various growth stages and fertilizer use efficiency of winter wheat(Xiaoyan 22) under different fertilizer levels,which was aimed to provide a theoretical basis for fertilizer application of winter wheat in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi Province.The results showed that wheat grain yield increased significantly above middle application rate of NPK,but the difference of grain yield was not significant between H and M treatments,so that middle application rate of NPK was more reasonable which yield was 6 927.1 kg/hm2 and 13.4% higher than that of FP treatment.The grain yield of H+OM treatment was 10 443.7 kg/hm2 and 49.1% higher than that of H treatment.The culm number,shoot nutrients and dry matter accumulation amount was increased with application rate improved at various growth stages.The spike number of M,H and H+OM treatments were 539.2×104,599.2×104 and 891.7×104/hm2 respectively,which the difference was significant among the three treatments.The total shoot dry matter accumulation amount of M,H and H+OM treatments were 15 254.1,15 600.8 and 26 026.2 kg/hm2 respectively,which showed that H+OM treatment can increase total shoot dry matter accumulation amount significantly over the other two treatments.Balanced fertilization of N,P,K could increase fertilizer use efficiency,the REN and REP of M treatment were highest of L,M and H treatments,which were 44.5% and 24.7%,the REN and REP of H+OM treatment were highest of all treatments,which were 71.8% and 40.2%.In conclusion,the recommend N,P2O5,K2O application rate was 180,120,75 kg/hm2 respectively without organic manure(target yield is 7 000 kg/hm2) in Guanzhong area of Shaanxi province,while in order to get super high yield,the recommend N,P2O5,K2O application rate was 240,150,120 kg/hm2 respectively accompanied by basal dressing 20 000 kg/hm2 organic manure(target yield is 10 500 kg/hm2). |
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| Keywords: | Winter wheat Yield Fertilization Population culm number Dry matter accumulation Nutrient accumulation |
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