| 农业环境损害因果关系鉴定研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 王伟,赵晋宇,强沥文,孙希超.农业环境损害因果关系鉴定研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2022,41(9):1855-1863. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王伟 赵晋宇 强沥文 孙希超 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业农村部环境保护科研监测所, 农业生态环境及农产品质量安全司法鉴定中心, 天津 300191 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2020YFC0832804） |
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| 摘 要： | 因果关系鉴定是推进生态环境损害赔偿制度落实落地的重要抓手,是农用地土壤污染责任人认定的环节。本研究通过分析支撑技术的适用性、鉴定实践对支撑技术的需求以及农业环境损害的特殊性,剖析了农业环境损害因果关系鉴定的难点和破解路径,并提出了建议。农业受体损害常与病虫害、气候气象条件、田间管理等因素及污染因素交织在一起,因果关系鉴定既要对不同因素进行区分,又要受制于可获取的鉴定材料。污染溯源等技术方法只有与特定案件能够获取的鉴定材料相契合,排除非污染因素及相似污染源,才能在个案鉴定中发挥作用。开展图谱和数据库研究,遵循因果关系判定准则,采取调查与技术相结合的方式,是破解因果关系“鉴定难、鉴定贵”的有效方法。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业环境损害 因果关系鉴定 支撑技术 判定准则 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/3/18 0:00:00 |
Causality identification of agricultural environmental damages |
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| WANG Wei,ZHAO Jinyu,QIANG Liwen,SUN Xichao.Causality identification of agricultural environmental damages[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science( J. Agro-Environ. Sci.),2022,41(9):1855-1863. |
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| Authors: | WANG Wei ZHAO Jinyu QIANG Liwen SUN Xichao |
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| Institution: | Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Forensic Center of Agro-Ecological Environment and Agro-Product Quality Safety, Tianjin 300191, China |
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| Abstract: | Causality identification is important to realize the implementation of ecological and environmental damage compensation systems and to detect the liability subject in agricultural soil pollution. By analyzing the applicability of supporting technology, requirements of appraisal practice for it, and particularity of agricultural environmental damage, the present study dissected the difficulties and solutions to causality identification and puts forth suggestions and prospects. Damage receptors are intertwined with polluting and other factors, such as pests and diseases, climatic conditions, and field management. Causality identification is subject to not only different factors but also the available identification materials. Technical methods, such as pollution tracers, can play a role in case identification only when they are consistent with the identification materials available in a specific case and other non-pollution factors and similar pollution sources are excluded. Establishing atlases and databases following the judgment criterion of causality and adopting the combination of technology with investigation are effective methods to solve the problems of"difficulty"and"high cost"of causality identification. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural environmental damage causality identification supporting technology judgment criterion |
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