| 液态地膜覆盖下种植方式对土壤水分和玉米生长的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 周昌明,李援农,银敏华,谷晓博,赵玺.液态地膜覆盖下种植方式对土壤水分和玉米生长的影响[J].农业机械学报,2016,47(4):49-58. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周昌明 李援农 银敏华 谷晓博 赵玺 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北农林科技大学,西北农林科技大学,西北农林科技大学,西北农林科技大学,西北农林科技大学 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）项目（2011AA100504） |
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| 摘 要： | 于2013—2014年间采用大田试验方法,探讨了平地无覆盖种植(CK)、平地全液态地膜覆盖种植(YM1)、垄覆液态地膜沟种植(YM2)及连垄全液态地膜覆盖种植(YM3)4种种植方式对土壤水分变化和夏玉米产量的影响。结果表明,不同覆盖种植方式下,2 a土壤储水量变化趋势基本一致,随着播种后天数的增加呈现"先升高再降低,再升高再降低"的波浪起伏状态;前期降水16.1 mm后,YM1、YM2、YM3处理雨后土壤储水量分别比CK对照高出1.23%、4.29%、4.79%,且差异显著(P0.05),后期雨后储水量均与CK无显著差异;对土壤0~200 cm总储水量和耗水量研究发现,YM1、YM2、YM3处理收获后2 a平均储水量分别较CK增加了2.74%、2.87%、9.79%,2 a平均耗水量均比CK对照减少了1.26%、2.03%、8.17%,其中覆盖YM3处理与CK对照差异显著(P0.05)。与CK对照相比,覆盖YM1、YM2和YM3处理2 a平均增产1.88%、11.32%、21.96%,2 a平均水分利用效率较CK对照提高3.17%、13.51%、32.67%,其中,覆盖处理YM3增产保水效果显著(P0.05),处理YM1与CK无显著差异。研究认为,液态地膜与连垄全覆盖种植方式结合(YM3)更有利于发挥液态地膜的效果,促进产量的增加和水分利用效率的提高。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 液态地膜 土壤水分 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/10/8 0:00:00 |
Effects of Cropping Patterns on Soil Moisture and Maize Growth under Liquid Film Mulching |
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| Zhou Changming,Li Yuannong,Yin Minhu,Gu Xiaobo and Zhao Xi.Effects of Cropping Patterns on Soil Moisture and Maize Growth under Liquid Film Mulching[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(4):49-58. |
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| Authors: | Zhou Changming Li Yuannong Yin Minhu Gu Xiaobo and Zhao Xi |
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| Institution: | Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University and Northwest A&F University |
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| Abstract: | In order to solve the environmental pollution caused by field plastic film residue and explore the effects of different cropping patterns under liquid film mulching on soil moisture and maize growth, the experiment with four planting patterns treatments, including flat planting without mulching (CK), flat planting with liquid film mulching (YM1), ridge furrow planting with liquid film mulching over ridge only (YM2) and ridge-furrow planting with liquid film mulching over ridges (YM3), were carried out in 2013 and 2014. The results showed that the change of soil moisture under different treatments was basically the same, which presented waving trend as rose firstly and then reduced with the increment of days after sowing. The soil water storages under YM1, YM2, YM3 treatments were significantly increased by 1.23%, 4.29%, 4.79%, respectively, compared with that under CK when the former period precipitation reached 16.1mm, but there was no significant difference among four treatments in soil water storage after rainfall during latter period. The average water storages under YM1, YM2, YM3 treatments were increased by 2.74%, 2.87%, 9.79% and the water consumptions were decreased by 1.26%, 2.03%, 8.17%, respectively, compared with those under CK, with significant difference only existed between YM3 and CK. Compared with CK, the yields of all mulching treatments were 1.88%, 11.32%, 21.96% higher, the average water use efficiencies were improved by 3.17%, 13.51% and 32.67%, respectively, and the yield increment and water use efficiency enhancement effects of YM2 and YM3 were significantly higher than those of CK. In conclusion, YM3 treatment was the best among all treatments in yield increase and water saving, and it could provide theoretical basis for the utilization of liquid film. |
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| Keywords: | maize liquid film soil moisture yield water use efficiency |
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