Effectiveness of native West African arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in protecting vegetable crops against root-knot nematodes |
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| Authors: | Antoine Affokpon Louis Lawouin Colette Tossou Rufin Dossou Agbèdè Jozef Coosemans |
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| Institution: | 1.Centre de Recherches Agricoles Sud-Bénin,Institut National des Recherches Agricoles du Bénin,Attogon,Benin;2.Laboratory of Phytopathology and Plant Protection,Katholieke Universiteit Leuven,Heverlee, Leuven,Belgium;3.International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA-Cotonou,Cotonou,Republic of Benin;4.International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, IITA-Tanzania,Dar-es-Salaam,Tanzania;5.Allada,Republic of Benin |
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| Abstract: | Twenty strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), native to West Africa, and three commercial AMF, were evaluated for
their protective effect against root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., in pots and field experiments in Benin. In pots, these strains were assessed in sterilized soil following inoculation
of nematodes and in non-sterilized soil naturally infested with nematodes using tomato. The four strains showing greatest
potential in suppressing nematode development were further assessed in the field with a relatively high natural infestation
level of nematodes (155 per 100 cm3 soil) over a tomato–carrot double cropping. In the pot experiments, most native strains provided significant suppression
of nematode multiplication and root galling, but in most cases the level of nematode control depends on either sterilized
or non-sterilized soils. In the field experiments, application of AMF mostly resulted in significant suppression of nematode
multiplication and root galling damage on both crops indicating that the AMF persists and remains protective against root-knot
nematodes over two crop cycles. Field application of AMF increased tomato yields by 26% and carrot yields by over 300% compared
with the non-AMF control treatments. This study demonstrates for the first time, the protective effect of indigenous West
African AMF against root-knot nematodes on vegetables. The potential benefits of developing non-pesticide AMF-based pest management
options for the intensive urban vegetable systems are evident. |
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