| 地理空间视角下耕地资源新认知体系构建 |
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| 引用本文： | 叶思菁,宋长青,高培超,程锋,任书义,杜彬.地理空间视角下耕地资源新认知体系构建[J].农业工程学报,2023,39(9):225-240. |
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| 作者姓名： | 叶思菁 宋长青 高培超 程锋 任书义 杜彬 |
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| 作者单位： | 北京师范大学地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室, 北京, 100875;北京师范大学地理科学学部, 北京, 100875;中国国土勘测规划院, 北京, 100035 |
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| 基金项目： | 美丽中国科学院先导科技专项（XDA23100303）;国家自然科学基金资助项目（42171250）;地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室自主课题（2022-ZD-04） |
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| 摘 要： | 耕地是在自然资源要素和人为活动的共同作用下,以食物生产为核心,兼具生活、生态、文化等多重功能的复杂综合体,其成为资源的本质是“空间的可利用性”。地理学特有的“要素、空间与时间相互融合的视角”为理解耕地资源空间格局、时空变化及影响、驱动因素等问题提供了重要支撑。发展地理空间视角下耕地资源综合认知理论与方法,是探索耕地保护与利用协同路径的关键环节。该文根据已有耕地资源质量、价值研究探讨耕地资源内涵,包括：解析耕地资源自然层、生计层、制度层、意识层的“要素-功能-价值”级联关系;梳理耕地资源多尺度、整体性、区域性与动态性特征。在此基础上,该文提出耕地资源认知理论框架,提出从耕地资源利用-本底-效益三方面综合认知耕地资源格局;发展耦合利用-本底-效益的耕地资源过程模型;解析文化传统、社会经济发展对农作物产量未来需求的影响机制。探讨了土地适宜性、资源环境承载力、耕地质量与价值、耕地集约利用、地理权衡、地理耦合、复杂地理系统等领域理论研究对认知耕地资源的支持。最后,从星空地-体化耕地资源感知、高性能时空数据处理、时空格局与过程分析、多情景空间模拟与优化四方面探讨耕地资源认知关键技术体系及面临难题。
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| 关 键 词： | 土地利用 耕地 资源描述框架 地理空间 集约利用 复杂地理系统 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/11/16 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/4/3 0:00:00 |
Construction of the new cognitive system for arable land resources from geospatial perspective |
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| YE Sijing,SONG Changqing,GAO Peichao,CHENG Feng,REN Shuyi,DU Bin.Construction of the new cognitive system for arable land resources from geospatial perspective[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2023,39(9):225-240. |
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| Authors: | YE Sijing SONG Changqing GAO Peichao CHENG Feng REN Shuyi DU Bin |
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| Institution: | State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China;China Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Beijing 100035, China |
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| Abstract: | Arable land is a multiple complex system with food production as its core function and multiple functions such as living, ecology and culture, under the combined effect of natural resource elements and human activities. Currently, the spatial pattern and utilization of arable land in China are changing, showing five phenomena:"non-agricultural", "non-grain", "fragmentation", "marginalization" and "ecological degradation". Previous studies on cultivated land resources cognition emphasize the explicit use of arable land, and mainly focus on state assessment. To a certain extent, they ignore the explicit and implicit comprehensive use of arable land and their mutual feed mechanism with arable land ecosystem, which makes it difficult to quantitatively represent the "regional suitable arable land use intensity and pattern"; early warning "order parameters and their triggering mechanism and inflection point affecting regional arable land health"; trade-off the spatial pattern of arable land production, living and ecological function. The essence of arable land as a kind of resource is its "spatial availability". The unique geographic perspective of the interplay of elements, space and time provides a significant support for understanding the spatial patterns, spatial-temporal dynamic changes, impacts and driving factors of arable land resources. The development of theories and methods for the cognition of arable land resource from a geospatial perspective is the key to exploring a coupled synergistic path of arable land conservation and utilization. In this study, we explored the connotations of arable land resources, based on existing research on the quality and value of arable land resources, including analyzing the "element-function-value" cascade of the natural, livelihood, institutional and consciousness layers, combing the multi-scale, holistic, regional and dynamic characteristics. On this basis, we proposed a theoretical framework for the cognition of arable land resources, suggesting a comprehensive cognition of the pattern of arable land resources from three aspects of arable land resource utilization-noumenon attributes-benefit; developing a coupled utilization-noumenon attributes-benefit model of arable land resources process; and analyzing the influencing mechanism of cultural traditions and socio-economic development on the future demand for crop production. The theoretical basis for the cognition of arable land resources contains a series of theories such as resource carrying capacity, arable land quality, geographical trade-offs and synergies, geographical coupling and integration, and complex geosystems. These theories provide theoretical and methodological support for quantitatively describing the state of utilization, noumenon attributes and benefit of arable land resources, and clarifying the reciprocal effect among them. In particular, the theory of complex geographic systems provides a new way to recognize the evolution of cultivated land systems. Finally, the key technical system and challenges of the cognition of arable land resources have been discussed from four aspects, including space-air-ground integrated arable land resource perception, high-performance spatial-temporal data processing, spatial-temporal pattern and process analysis, and multi-scenario spatial simulation and optimization. China''s 2023 "No. 1 central document" sets out goals in terms of strengthening arable land protection and use control, strengthening high-standard farmland construction, and promoting green agricultural development. The theoretical framework of comprehensive cognition of arable land resources proposed in this study can provide support for the realization of these goals in terms of optimizing the spatial pattern of arable land, delimiting the red line of arable land protection, warning the degradation of farmland ecosystem, analyzing the core short board factors of regional high-standard farmland construction, and evaluating the potential of regional arable land to reduce fertilizer (and pesticide) inputs and increase outputs. In the future work, empirical studies on the feed-back mechanism of arable land resources utilization, noumenon attributes and benefit under specific scenarios should be carried out in different regions and scales. Another important direction is to integrate dissipative structure, synergetic, self-organization, catastrophe theory and other complex system theories and methods to study the measurement method of "entropy" and "order" of arable land complex system; and explore the emergence process, order parameters and critical conditions of "entropy change" and "phase change" of macroscale arable land system by micro-scale utilization and its change. |
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