| 干湿交替灌溉对籼粳杂交稻产量与水分利用效率的影响及其生理基础 |
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| 引用本文： | 褚光,徐冉,陈松,徐春梅,王丹英,章秀福.干湿交替灌溉对籼粳杂交稻产量与水分利用效率的影响及其生理基础[J].中国农业科学,2021,54(7):1499-1511. |
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| 作者姓名： | 褚光 徐冉 陈松 徐春梅 王丹英 章秀福 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国水稻研究所/水稻生物学国家重点实验室,杭州 311400 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0700702);浙江省自然科学基金(LQ19C130008);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0700702);浙江省三农六方项目(2020SNLF011);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】探明干湿交替灌溉对籼粳杂交稻产量与水分利用效率的影响及其生理基础。【方法】试验于2017—2018年在中国水稻研究所富阳基地皇天畈试验农场进行。以2个新选育的超高产籼粳杂交稻品种甬优1540和春优927以及2个当地高产粳型杂交稻品种常优5号和嘉优5号为材料,开展大田试验。自移栽后7 d至成熟期设置2种灌溉模式,分别为常规灌溉（CI）和干湿交替灌溉（AWD）。研究AWD对籼粳杂交稻品种产量形成以及水分利用效率的影响及其生理基础。【结果】与CI模式相比,AWD模式显著降低了2个当地高产粳型杂交稻品种的产量,降幅为12.3%—12.8%,但2个籼粳杂交稻品种的产量在2种灌溉模式间没有显著差异;AWD模式显著提高了4个供试水稻品种的水分利用效率,其中当地高产粳型杂交稻品种的增幅为5.9%—8.3%,籼粳杂交稻品种的增幅为13.7%—16.8%。与当地高产粳型杂交稻相比,籼粳杂交稻品种在AWD模式下获得相对较高的产量以及水分利用效率主要得益于其强大的分蘖发生能力、较高的群体颖花量和结实率、齐穗至成熟期较高的光合势与作物生长速率、齐穗后2次土壤落干期与复水期较高的根系氧化力、剑叶净光合速率以及籽粒中较高的蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶的活性。【结论】与当地高产粳型杂交稻品种相比,籼粳杂交稻品种在AWD模式下可获得更高的产量与水分利用效率;较好的根系性能（齐穗后2次土壤落干期与复水期较高的根系氧化力）和地上部植株较强的生理活性（齐穗至成熟期较高的光合势、作物生长速率、齐穗后2次土壤落干期与复水期较高的剑叶净光合速率以及籽粒中蔗糖-淀粉代谢途径关键酶活性）是其在AWD模式下获得高产与水分高效利用的重要生理基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 干湿交替灌溉 籼粳杂交稻 产量 水分利用效率 生理基础 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-06 |
Effects of Alternate Wetting and Soil Drying on the Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice and Its Physiological Bases |
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| CHU Guang,XU Ran,CHEN Song,XU ChunMei,WANG DanYing,ZHANG XiuFu.Effects of Alternate Wetting and Soil Drying on the Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Indica-Japonica Hybrid Rice and Its Physiological Bases[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2021,54(7):1499-1511. |
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| Authors: | CHU Guang XU Ran CHEN Song XU ChunMei WANG DanYing ZHANG XiuFu |
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| Institution: | China National Rice Research Institute/State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Hangzhou 311400 |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 This study aimed to understand the yield formation characteristics and water use efficiency (WUE) of indica/japonica hybrid rice (IJHR) cultivar and their physiological bases under alternate wetting and soil drying (AWD) regime.【Method】The field experiment was conducted at Huangtianfan Experimental Farm which belonged to China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, Southeast China, in 2018 and 2019. Two newly-bred IJHR cultivars, Yongyou 1540 and Chunyou 927, and two local high-yielding japonica hybrid rice (JHR) cultivars, Changyou 5 and Jiayou 5, were field grown. Two irrigation regimes, conventional irrigation (CI) and AWD, were imposed from 7 days after transplanting to maturity. The goals of this study were to investigate the effects of AWD on the grain yield and WUE of IJHR and its physiological bases. 【Result】Compared with those under CI regime, the grain yields of JHR cultivars were significantly decreased by 12.3%-12.8% under AWD regime, whereas the difference in grain yields of IJHR cultivars was not significant between CI and AWD regimes. Compared with the CI regime, AWD significantly reduced the amount of irrigation water and significantly increased WUE by 5.9%-8.3% and 13.7%-16.8% in JHR and IJHR cultivars, respectively. In comparison with JHR cultivars, IJHR cultivars showed greater tillering capacity, larger sink size and higher grain filling rate, higher leaf area duration and crop growth rate from heading to maturity, higher root oxidation activity, leaf photosynthetic rates, and activities of sucrose synthase and adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase in grains at the first and second soil drying periods as well as re-watering periods after heading.【Conclusion】IJHR cultivars could obtain higher grain yields and higher WUE than JHR cultivars under AWD regime. Stronger physiological activities of root, including higher root oxidation activity at the first and second soil drying periods as well as re-watering periods after heading, and above ground plants, including higher leaf area duration, crop growth rate from heading to maturity, greater leaf photosynthetic rates, and activities of sucrose synthase and adenosine diphosphate-glucose pyrophosphorylase in grains at the first and second soil drying periods as well as re-watering periods after heading, contributed to their better yield performance and higher WUE of IJHR cultivars under AWD regime. |
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| Keywords: | rice alternate wetting and soil drying indica-japonica hybrid rice grain yield water use efficiency physiological bases |
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