| 高温干旱复合胁迫对夏玉米产量和茎秆显微结构的影响 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 邵靖宜,李小凡,于维祯,刘鹏,赵斌,张吉旺,任佰朝.高温干旱复合胁迫对夏玉米产量和茎秆显微结构的影响[J].中国农业科学,2021,54(17):3623-3631. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 邵靖宜 李小凡 于维祯 刘鹏 赵斌 张吉旺 任佰朝 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300304-02);国家自然科学基金(31801296);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-02-18);山东省博士后创新项目(202003039);泰安市农业科技特派员科技项目(2020TPY002) |
| |
| 摘 要： | 【目的】随着气候的不断变化,高温、干旱及其复合胁迫等极端天气事件频发,对玉米生产提出了严峻的挑战。本文旨在探讨高温、干旱及其复合胁迫对夏玉米茎秆显微结构和产量的影响。【方法】以登海605（DH605）为试验材料,在开花期设置高温（T）、干旱（D）、高温干旱复合胁迫（T+D）,以自然温度和正常水分管理为对照（CK）,处理持续6 d,研究高温、干旱以及高温干旱复合胁迫对夏玉米茎秆显微结构、干物质积累与分配、光合特性、花粉活力以及产量的影响。【结果】高温干旱复合胁迫后夏玉米皮层厚度、硬皮组织厚度、维管束总数和小维管束数目显著降低,较CK分别下降8.8%、14.1%、9.4%、13.7%。此外,高温干旱后夏玉米花粉活力、光合特性和成熟期总干重显著降低,T、D、T+D各处理花粉活力和净光合速率较CK降低23.1%、8.3%、30.7%和23.7%、16.6%、37.5%,成熟期干物质总积累量较CK降低19.7%、5.1%、26.6%,进而导致产量显著下降,T、D和T+D各处理的产量较CK分别下降63.2%、13.2%和71.7%。【结论】高温、干旱、高温干旱复合胁迫导致夏玉米茎秆发育异常,光合性能下降,干物质积累量减少,产量显著降低,且高温干旱复合胁迫对夏玉米产量和茎秆显微结构的影响大于高温或干旱单一胁迫。
|
| 关 键 词： | 夏玉米 高温干旱 茎秆显微结构 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-12-14 |
Combined Effects of High Temperature and Drought on Yield and Stem Microstructure of Summer Maize |
| |
| SHAO JingYi,LI XiaoFan,YU WeiZhen,LIU Peng,ZHAO Bin,ZHANG JiWang,REN BaiZhao.Combined Effects of High Temperature and Drought on Yield and Stem Microstructure of Summer Maize[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2021,54(17):3623-3631. |
| |
| Authors: | SHAO JingYi LI XiaoFan YU WeiZhen LIU Peng ZHAO Bin ZHANG JiWang REN BaiZhao |
| |
| Institution: | College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Taian 271018, Shandong |
| |
| Abstract: | 【Objective】 With the continuous change of climate, the extreme weather events occurred frequently, such as high temperature, drought and their combined stress, which posed a severe challenge to maize production. This study was conducted to explore the effects of high temperature, drought and their combined stress on microstructure of stem, dry matter accumulation and distribution and grain yield of summer maize. 【Method】 Denghai 605 (DH605) was used as the experimental material. Three treatments were conducted as high temperature (T), drought (D), and the compound stress (T+D) during the flowering period for 6 days, and the natural temperature and normal moisture management as control treatment (CK). The effects of high temperature, drought and the compound stress on stem microstructure, dry matter accumulation and distribution, photosynthetic characteristics, pollen activity and yield of summer maize were investigated. 【Result】 The thickness of the cortex, the thickness of the hard skin, the total number of vascular bundles and the number of small vascular bundles in summer maize were significantly reduced after the combined stress of high temperature and drought, which decreased by 8.8%, 14.1%, 9.4%, and 13.7%, respectively, compared with CK. In addition, after high temperature and drought stress, the pollen viability, the net photosynthetic rate and total dry weight of summer maize decreased significantly, the pollen viability and net photosynthetic rate of T, D and T+D treatments decreased by 23.1%, 8.3%, 30.7% and 23.7%, 16.6%, 37.5%, respectively, compared with CK; The total dry matter accumulation of T, D and T+D at the maturity stage was decreased by 19.7%, 5.1%, and 26.6%, respectively, compared with CK, which led to a significant yield decrease of 63.2%, 13.2%, and 71.7%, respectively, compared with CK. 【Conclusion】 High temperature, drought, and the compound stress significantly caused abnormal stem development of summer maize, the decrease of dry matter accumulation, and a significant decrease of maize yield. The combined effect of high temperature and drought on the yield and resistance of summer maize was greater than the single stress of high temperature or drought. |
| |
| Keywords: | summer maize high temperature and drought stalk microstructure yield |
|
| 点击此处可从《中国农业科学》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《中国农业科学》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
