| 广东东莞松木山水库鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系 |
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| 引用本文： | 袁晨,裴瑞华,郑梓瑶,吴鹏举,黄娜,李一帆,胡忠军.广东东莞松木山水库鱼类群落结构及其与环境因子的关系[J].上海海洋大学学报,2022,31(4):940-949. |
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| 作者姓名： | 袁晨 裴瑞华 郑梓瑶 吴鹏举 黄娜 李一帆 胡忠军 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学,上海海洋大学,上海海洋大学,东莞市生态环保研究院有限公司,东莞市生态环保研究院有限公司,上海海洋大学,上海海洋大学 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD0900605，2020YFD0900504）联合资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探讨广东东莞松木山水库鱼类群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系，分析其结构特征在沉浮网间的差异性，在该水库设置3个采样点采用多网目刺网对鱼类进行了调查。结果显示，共采集到鱼类17种，隶属4目、6科，物种数以鲤形目为主（占58.82%）。相对重要性指数（IRI）显示，优势种为海南似鱎（IRI占比29.66%）、?（18.98%）、尼罗非鲫（18.46%）、鲢（14.85%）和莫桑比克非鲫（11.36%），其中单位努力捕捞数量（NPUE）以海南似鱎（45.72%）占优、单位努力捕捞重量（BPUE）以尼罗非鲫（34.60%）为主。聚类分析表明，鱼类物种组成在季节间无显著差异，物种数、NPUE和BPUE亦无季节变化（P>0.05）。鱼类群落物种数、NPUE和BPUE沉浮网间无显著差异（P>0.05），但鱼类数量组成沉浮网间存在显著差异（P<0.001），与海南似鱎有关，其NPUE浮网显著高于沉网（P<0.05），其他5种主要鱼类沉浮网间无显著差异（P>0.05）。透明度、pH和总磷是影响鱼类物种数量时空分布的关键环境因子。研究表明，松木山水库鱼类多样性低，可能与水面积较小、连通性低、外来种入侵及入库河道以人工排渠为主有关，为科学合理评估鱼类数量组成建议水库鱼类调查需要同时使用沉浮网。
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| 关 键 词： | 东莞 松木山水库 渔获物 物种组成 单位努力捕获量 环境因子 沉网 浮网 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/4/30 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/7/18 0:00:00 |
Structural characteristics of fish assemblage and its relationship with environmental factors in Songmushan Reservoir, Dongguan City of Guangdong Province |
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| YUAN Chen,PEI Ruihu,ZHENG Ziyao,WU Pengju,HUANG N,LI Yifan,HU Zhongjun.Structural characteristics of fish assemblage and its relationship with environmental factors in Songmushan Reservoir, Dongguan City of Guangdong Province[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University,2022,31(4):940-949. |
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| Authors: | YUAN Chen PEI Ruihu ZHENG Ziyao WU Pengju HUANG N LI Yifan HU Zhongjun |
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| Institution: | Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai Ocean University,Dongguan Ecological Environmental Protection Research Institute Co,Dongguan Ecological Environmental Protection Research Institute Co,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai Ocean University |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore the structural attributes of fish assemblage and its relationship with environmental factors, and to reveal differences in structural characteristics between floating gillnet and benthic gillnet, fishes were caught from Songmushan Reservoir of Guangdong Province using multi-mesh gill nets. The results showed that 17 species, belonging to 4 orders and 6 families, were collected, with the most species-rich order of Cypriniformes (10 species). The index of relative importance (IRI) indicated that Toxabramis houdemeri (IRI%: 29.66%), Hemiculter leucisculus (18.98%), Oreochromis nilotica (18.46%), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (14.85%) and Oreochromis mossambica (11.36%) were the dominant species, with T. houdemeri having the highest number per unit effort (NPUE%: 45.72%) and O. nilotica possessing the largest biomass per unit effort (NPUE%: 34.60%). No difference in fish composition between seasons was detected by cluster analysis, and no differences in species number, NPUE, and NPUE among seasons were observed (P>0.05). The species number, NPUE, and BPUE did not differed significantly between floating and benthic gillnet (P>0.05). However, a significant difference in numerical composition of fish assemblage between the two types of gillnet was tested (P<0.001), which was responsible for T. houdemeri. The significant higher NPUE for floating gillnets was found than that for benthic ones (P<0.05), but no differences in NPUE between them were detected for the other five fish species (P>0.05). Transparency, total phosphorus, and pH value were the key environmental factors that could be used to explain the temporal and spatial distribution. The results suggested that the low species richness would be related to the small area, low connectivity, invasion of alien fish species, and dominance in inflow river by men-made discharge ditch of this reservoir, and that the floating and benthic gillnets should be both included in sampling procedure for future study in fish community ecology of reservoirs. |
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| Keywords: | Dongguan City Songmushan Reservoir catch fish species composition CPUE environmental factor benthic gill net floating gill net |
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