Analysis of spatial patterns of oak decline in cork oak woodlands in Mediterranean conditions |
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| Authors: | Augusta Costa Helena Pereira Manuel Madeira |
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| Institution: | 1. Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Centro de Estudos Florestais, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349 - 017, Lisboa, Portugal
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| Abstract: | ? Cork oak mortality is a recurrent problem in southwestern Portugal. Despite the perception of increasingly visible damage in oak woodlands on drought-prone sites, the role of the various environmental factors in their decline is not clear. ? To describe the spatial patterns of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) mortality, a cork oak mortality index (MI) was determined for each landscape feature (agroforestry system, soil type, slope and aspect) using a GIS approach. To achieve this goal, a logistic regression model was formulated analyzing interactions between landscape attributes and allowing a prediction of cork oak mortality. ? Maximum values of MI were found in (i) shrublands and open woodlands with shrub encroachment (MI 6 and 3, respectively), where competition for soil water between tree and understory increases; and (ii) on lower slopes in the rounded hilltops and smooth hillsides or shallow soils where access to groundwater resources during summer drought is difficult. ? The model highlighted the importance of the agroforestry systems on cork oak mortality and may be used to identify sensitive areas where mitigation actions should be employed in a scenario of increasing drought severity in these Mediterranean ecosystems. |
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