| 小麦叶锈菌生理分化研究中的问题和改进意见 |
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| 作者单位： | 河北农业大学小麦叶锈病研究组 |
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| 摘 要： | Stakman建立的用鉴别寄主鉴定锈菌生理小种的方法对抗病育种曾起了很大的作用,然而实践证明还存在不少问题。(1)生物间遗传学指出,Stakman建立的方法。其观点偏重于锈菌分类,而忽视寄主和病原物的相互作用。所以所用的鉴别寄主仅注意其鉴别作用,可与生产毫无关系,可以鉴定出许多小种,而不知道它们与生产有关的品种有什么关系。(2)在自然间寄主和病原物是以群体对群体起相互作用的,而传统研究是研究个体与个体的关系。此外,小种内存在变异性,被鉴定为同一小种的不同菌株的毒性不一定相同,任意选择一个菌株来测定品种的抗病性未必有代表性,用这种方法测出的抗病品种推广出去就容易引起抗病性丧失问题。(3)在不同生态条件下形成的锈菌的群体毒性不一定相同,这种毒性不同的类群我们称为生态类群。过去的小麦品种抗病性测定工作多在局限的条件下用人工接种进行。把用这种方法测出的抗病品种推广到广大的锈菌群体中去,也容易引起抗病性丧失问题。我们赞成今后研究小麦锈病应有群体观点,用毒力频率,毒力组合,抗性组合等方法来研究小麦群体和锈病群体的关系。应有生态观点,用异地鉴定来监测锈菌毒性和品种抗性的变异。应有进化观点,以基因鉴定来代替小种鉴定,把寄主的病原物相互作用研究放在遗传学基础上。在利用已知基因作鉴别寄主方面,虽然抗原的抗性基因可与Lr近等基因系的相同,但由于表现型相同基因型不一定相同,所以这两种材料都得同时采用,不能互相代替。抗性基因鉴定是复杂的。一般认为阿芙乐尔会有Lr26基因。Bastos认为除Lr26外,还有Lr3。杨文香认为除Lr26和Lr3外,还有Lrl4a。又Bastos认为洛夫林13含有Lr26和Lr3,相文香认为只含有Lr24,检查不到Lr3。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦 叶锈菌 Lr近等基因系 抗病性 |
Problems in Studying Physiologic Specialization of Leaf Rust of Wheat and Ideas of Improvement |
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| Authors: | Wheat Leaf Rust Research Group Hebei Agric Univ Baoding China |
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| Abstract: | There are problems in the method of studying physiologic special- ization of rust established by Stakman,1 ) interorganismal genetics has pointed out Stakman's viewpoint has a bias toward the taxonomy of rust rather than interaction of host and pathogen 2) there is variation within a race. Random selection of an isolate of a race to assess varietal resistance may not be representativc.3 ) the virulence of population of pathogen formed under different ecological conditions may be different. Assessment of varietal resistance under limited conditions may not be reliable. Hence we suggest in studying rust, one should have points of view of population, ecology and evolution to reduce the risk of loss of plant resistance, and to use the methods of analysis of virulence frequency. virulence association, and resistance association to study the relationship of populations of host and pathogen and to undertake the gene determination to replace the race identification. In determination of resistance genes, although the gene of a variety postulated to be the same as the gene of the near-isogenio line, they should not be replaced with each other in use as differentials, because genotypes may be different although the phenotypes appear to be identical. |
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| Keywords: | Puccinia recondita f sp tritici Lr near-isogenic line |
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