| 基于高通量测序的有机种植蔬菜地土壤微生物多样性分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 曾广娟,冯阳,吴舒,彭红丽,耿世刚.基于高通量测序的有机种植蔬菜地土壤微生物多样性分析[J].南方农业学报,2022,53(9):2403-2414. |
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| 作者姓名： | 曾广娟 冯阳 吴舒 彭红丽 耿世刚 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 河北环境工程学院, 河北秦皇岛 066102;2. 企美实业集团有限公司, 河北邯郸 057150 |
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| 基金项目： | 秦皇岛市重点研发计划科技支撑项目(202101A129)河北省科技支撑项目(22374208D)河北省农业生态安全重点实验室开放基金项目(2020SYSJJ05) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】从微生物角度探究有机种植方式的优越性,揭示影响微生物群落多样性的环境因子,为建立合理的种植制度提供理论依据。【方法】以有机种植与常规种植方式的0~15和15~30 cm土壤为研究对象,采用高通量测序技术分析土壤微生物群落结构的差异,基于db RDA分析明确影响微生物群落结构的关键土壤环境因子。【结果】2种种植方式下土壤微生物的丰富度指数和多样性指数均以细菌高于真菌。有机种植表层0~15 cm土壤细菌和真菌群落的多样性、丰富度和物种的均匀度均较高,且与其他土层有显著差异(P<0.05,下同)。2种种植方式均表现为细菌以变形菌门、真菌以子囊菌门为优势菌门。有机种植方式显著提高细菌群落中放线菌门和绿弯菌门、真菌群落中担子菌门和球囊菌门的相对丰度,其中15~30 cm土层中放线菌门的相对丰度显著高于0~15 cm,而真菌2个菌门的相对丰度在不同土层间未表现出明显差别;常规种植则明显增加细菌中变形菌门和酸杆菌门及真菌中被胞菌门、壶菌门和捕虫霉门的相对丰度。有机种植能增加土壤中Haliangium和Mortierella等有益微生物类群的数量,常规种植则显著提升土传病害致病菌Ralstonia及植物病原菌Fusarium、Colletotrichum的数量和丰度。dbRDA分析表明,土壤环境因子对细菌群落的影响依次为全氮>全磷>有机质>pH>全钾,土壤环境因子对真菌群落的影响依次为全氮>全磷>pH>有机质>全钾。pH、有机质、全氮和全磷是显著影响土壤微生物群落结构的关键因子。【结论】不同土层起核心作用的微生物群落存在明显差异;有机种植能增加土壤中有益微生物菌群的丰度,降低土传病害及致病微生物的丰度。土壤全氮、全磷、有机质和p H是影响微生物群落结构的主要驱动因子。
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| 关 键 词： | 有机种植 常规种植 高通量测序 微生物群落多样性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022-05-30 |
Soil microbial diversity analysis in organic vegetable field based on high-throughput sequencing |
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| CENG Guang-juan,FENG Yang,WU Shu,PENG Hong-li,GENG Shi-gang.Soil microbial diversity analysis in organic vegetable field based on high-throughput sequencing[J].Journal of Southern Agriculture,2022,53(9):2403-2414. |
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| Authors: | CENG Guang-juan FENG Yang WU Shu PENG Hong-li GENG Shi-gang |
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| Institution: | 1. Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066102, China;2. Qimei Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Handan, Hebei 057150, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】To reveal advantages of organic planting from the perspective of microorganism and explore environmental factors affecting microbial community diversity,so as to provide a theoretical basis for establishing a reasonable planting system.【Method】Soil in 0-15 and 15-30 cm of in field with organic and conventional planting was taken as the research objects,and differences of soil microbial community structure were analyzed by using high-throughput sequencing technology. Key soil environmental factors affecting microbial community structure were identified through dbRDA analysis.【Result】Richness index and diversity index of soil microorganisms under the 2 planting methods were higher in bacteria than that in fungi. Diversity,richness and species evenness of bacterial and fungal communities in 0-15cm soil layer of organic planting were the highest and significantly different from those in other soil layers(P<0.05,the same below). Different planting methods showed that Proteobacteria in bacteria and Ascomycota in fungi were the most dominant phyla. Organic planting significantly increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteriota and Chloroflexi in bacterial community,Basidiomycota and glomeromycota in fungal community. Relative abundance of Actinomycetes in 15-30 cm soil was significantly higher than that in 0-15 cm soil,while relative abundance of the 2 fungal phyla showed no significant difference. Conventional cultivation significantly increased the relative amounts of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota in bacteria,Mortierellomycota,Chytridiomycota and Zoopagomycota in fungi. Organic planting could increase the number of beneficial microbial groups such as Haliangium and Mortierella in the soil. Conventional planting significantly increased the number and abundance of soil borne disease as Ralstonia and plant pathogens,for example Fusarium and Colletotrichum. dbRDA analysis revealed that effects of soil environmental factors on bacterial community was in the order of total nitrogen(TN)>total phosphorus(TP)> soil organic matter(SOM)>pH>total kalium(TK)and the effects of soil environmental factors on fungal communities were as follows:TN>TP>pH>SOM>TK. pH,SOM,TN and TP were the key factors significantly influencing soil microbial community structure.【Conclusion】Obvious differences exist in microbial communities that play key roles in different soil layers. Organic planting increases abundance of beneficial microbial communities and reduces abundance of soil borne diseases and pathogenic microorganisms. TN,SOM,TP and pH are the main driving factors affecting microbial community structure. |
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